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Year 2 Statistics

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STATISTICS Contents

  • Inverse normal distribution – SLIDE 15

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CORRECT SOLUTION:

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Solution:

  1. r = 0.6

b) Positive correlation.

  1. Find the product moment correlation coefficient between t and w.

  • Interpret your answer to part a).

A meteorologist believes that there is a relationship between the daily mean wind speed, w kn, and the daily mean temperature, t°C. A random sample of 9 consecutive days is taken from past records from a town in the UK in July and the relevant data is given in the table below.

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  1. Find the product moment correlation coefficient between t and w.

  • Interpret your answer to part a).

A meteorologist believes that there is a relationship between the daily mean wind speed, w kn, and the daily mean temperature, t°C. A random sample of 9 consecutive days is taken from past records from a town in the UK in July and the relevant data is given in the table below.

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Tessa owns a small clothes shop in a seaside town. She records the weekly sales figures, £ w, and the average weekly temperature, t °C, for 8 weeks during the summer. 

�The product moment correlation coefficient for these data is −0.915

(a)  Stating your hypotheses clearly and using a 5% level of significance, test whether or not the correlation between sales figures and average weekly temperature is negative.

(3)

(b)  Suggest a possible reason for this correlation.

(1)

Tessa suggests that a linear regression model could be used to model these data.

(c)  State, giving a reason, whether or not the correlation coefficient is consistent with Tessa's suggestion.

(1)

(d)  State, giving a reason, which variable would be the explanatory variable.

(1)

Tessa calculated the linear regression equation as w = 10 755 – 171t

(e)  Give an interpretation of the gradient of this regression equation.

(1)

 

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Question:

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Tessa owns a small clothes shop in a seaside town. She records the weekly sales figures, £ w, and the average weekly temperature, t °C, for 8 weeks during the summer. 

�The product moment correlation coefficient for these data is −0.915

(a)  Stating your hypotheses clearly and using a 5% level of significance, test whether or not the correlation between sales figures and average weekly temperature is negative.

(3)

(b)  Suggest a possible reason for this correlation.

(1)

Tessa suggests that a linear regression model could be used to model these data.

(c)  State, giving a reason, whether or not the correlation coefficient is consistent with Tessa's suggestion.

(1)

(d)  State, giving a reason, which variable would be the explanatory variable.

(1)

Tessa calculated the linear regression equation as w = 10 755 – 171t

(e)  Give an interpretation of the gradient of this regression equation.

(1)

 

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Solution:

 

 

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Question:

A company has three machines that produce a component. Machine A produces 28% of the components. Machine B produces 37% of the components and machine C produces the rest.

If a component is produced by machine A the chance that it will be faulty is 2%.

If a component is produced by machine B the chance that it will be faulty is 3%.

If a component is produced by machine C the chance that it will be faulty is 4%.

  1. Draw a tree diagram to show this information.

  • A component is selected at random. Find the probability that it is faulty.

  • Given that the component is faulty, find the probability that it was produced by machine C.

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Solution:

a)

b) P(faulty) = (0.28 X 0.02) + (0.37 X 0.03) + (0.35 X 0.04)

P(faulty) = 0.0307

c) 0.04

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A company has three machines that produce a component. Machine A produces 28% of the components. Machine B produces 37% of the components and machine C produces the rest.

If a component is produced by machine A the chance that it will be faulty is 2%.

If a component is produced by machine B the chance that it will be faulty is 3%.

If a component is produced by machine C the chance that it will be faulty is 4%.

  1. Draw a tree diagram to show this information.

  • A component is selected at random. Find the probability that it is faulty.

  • Given that the component is faulty, find the probability that it was produced by machine C.

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Cooking sauces are sold in jars containing a stated weight of 500 g of sauce.

The jars are filled by a machine.

The actual weight of sauce in each jar is normally distributed with mean 505 g and variance 100 g.

  1. Find the probability of a jar containing between 498 grams and 508 grams.

(b) Find the probability of a jar containing less than the stated weight.

(c) In a box of 30 jars, find the probability that more than 12 of the jars contain less than the stated weight.

 

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Cooking sauces are sold in jars containing a stated weight of 500 g of sauce.

The jars are filled by a machine.

The actual weight of sauce in each jar is normally distributed with mean 505 g and variance 100 g.

  1. Find the probability of a jar containing between 498 grams and 508 grams.

(b) Find the probability of a jar containing less than the stated weight.

(c) In a box of 30 jars, find the probability that more than 12 of the jars contain less than the stated weight.

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CORRECT SOLUTION:

 

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The heights of a group of people are normally distributed with a mean of 164 cm and 10% of the people have a height of more than 178 cm.

Find the standard deviation of the heights of the people.

 

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The heights of a group of people are normally distributed with a mean of 164 cm and 10% of the people have a height of more than 178 cm.

Find the standard deviation of the heights of the people.

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Solution:

  1. State the conditions under which the binomial distribution can be approximated by the normal distribution.

X ~ B(30, 0.4)

(b) Use the normal distribution to calculate an approximation for P(X < 8)

(c) Calculate the percentage error in the approximation found in part b.

 

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  1. State the conditions under which the binomial distribution can be approximated by the normal distribution.

X ~ B(30, 0.4)

(b) Use the normal distribution to calculate an approximation for P(X < 8)

(c) Calculate the percentage error in the approximation found in part b.

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Question:

The length of the bus journey from Leeds to London is normally distributed with a mean of 220 minutes and a standard deviation of 8 minutes.

  1. Find the probability of a bus taking longer than 235 minutes.

The bus company suspect that the mean bus time has changed. They take a sample of 10 bus journeys and find a mean time of 230 minutes.

b) Test at the 1% significance level whether there is evidence that the mean time has changed, clearly stating your hypotheses.

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Solution:

 

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The length of the bus journey from Leeds to London is normally distributed with a mean of 220 minutes and a standard deviation of 8 minutes.

  1. Find the probability of a bus taking longer than 235 minutes.

The bus company suspect that the mean bus time has changed. They take a sample of 10 bus journeys and find a mean time of 230 minutes.

b) Test at the 1% significance level whether there is evidence that the mean time has changed, clearly stating your hypotheses.