Jeevak Ayurveda Medical College �and Hospital Research Centre
Guided by-
Dr. Amit Kumar Singh
( Associate Professor and HOD)
Dr. Varsha Gupta
( Assistant Professor)
Department of Rachna Sharir
Topic:- Asthi Sharir with reference to Tibia Bone
Presented by –
Mona Chaurasia
Roll No.- 51
Batch- 2023-24
TOPIC :-
ASTHI SHARIR WITH RESPECT TO
TIBIA Bone
Index
अस्थि परिभाषा
स्यात्कर्परः कपालोऽस्त्री कीकसं कुल्यमस्थि च। (अमरकोश 3/68)
कीकसं = Hard, firm, कुल्य = a bone, कपाल = the skull, cranium, skull bone, अस्त्री = not feminine, masculine.
अस्थि शब्द की निरुक्ति तथा व्याख्या
अस्थि की उत्पत्तिः
इस प्रकार सभी आचार्यों ने धातु की संख्या सात मानी है-रस, रक्त, मांस, मेद, अस्थि, मज्जा एवं शुक्र। ये ही शरीर के धारक एवं पोषक होते हैं, परन्तु दोषादि के द्वारा विकृत या दूषित किये जाने के कारण इन्हें दूष्य भी कहते हैं।
रसाव्रक्तं ततो मासं मांसान्मेदस्ततोऽस्थि च। अस्थ्नो मज्जा ततः शुक्रशुक्राव्गर्भः प्रसादजः ॥ च०चि० 15/16
अस्थि की संख्या
अस्थि का पञ्चभौतिक संघटन
वायु महाभूत की अधिकता होती है l
अस्थि धातु के कार्य
अस्थि वह स्त्रोतस
अस्थि धातु का मल
अस्थि धातु का क्षय
ज्ञेयमस्थिक्षये लिङ्गं सन्धिशैथिल्यमेव च। (च.सू. 17/67)
अस्थि का क्षय होने पर उसके मल केश, लोम, नख, स्मधु एवं दन्त गिर जाते हैं शरीर में थकावट रहती है एवं सन्धियों में शिथिलता उत्पन हो जाती है। सन्धियों ३ शिथिलता का कारण यह है कि अस्थि क्षय से अस्थियां पतली हो जाती हैं, जिससे कि संधियों में पूरी तरह नहीं बैठती है, जिससे कि संधियां हीली हो जाती हैं।
अस्थि धातु वृद्धि के लक्षण
अस्थि सार पुरुष के लक्षण
अस्थि प्रकार
कपालास्थि
रुचकास्थि
"रूचकं रोचनों दीपनं भेदि पांचनं परम्।“
"दन्तेषु रूचकानि च।“
तरुणास्थि
घ्राणकर्णग्रीवाक्षिकोशेषु तरूणानि। (सु०शा०5/22)
• घ्राण- nose cartilages
• कर्ण- ear cartilage
• ग्रीवा- tracheal cartilage
वलयास्थि
पार्श्वपृष्ठोरः सुवलयानि । (सु०शा०5/22)
These are;
नलकास्थि
हस्तपादांगुलितले कूर्चे च मणिबन्धके। बाहुजंघाद्वये ताकि जानियान्नलकानि तु।। (गर्भ प्रकरण 189)
जैसे -
• अंगुली- phalanges
• हस्त-पाद-तालु- carpals and tarsals
• बाहु और जांघ- humer rus and femur
• हस्त और पाद-in legs and forearms
चिकित्सकीय महत्त्व
Tibia Bone
Side determination
Features
1. UPPER END
Medial Condyle :
Posterior surface presents a groove.
Upper lip of the groove gives attachment to:
Semimembranosus is inserted into the groove and its lower lip. Medial and Anterior surfaces are rough and pierced by numerous vascular foramina and give attachment to Medial
Lateral Condyle
(i) It overhangs upper part of posterior surface of shaft. It has a small rounded facet, the fibular facet at its postero-lateral aspect. It articulates with the head of fibula and its margins give attachment to Capsular ligament of Superior tibio-fibular joint.
(ii) Posterior surface presents a groove which is related to popliteus tendon with a bursa intervening.
(iii) Upper articular surface is concave and circular and its flattened margins are related to lateral meniscus. It articulates with lateral condyle of femur.
Its medial margin is raised to form Lateral intercondylar tubercle.
ATTACHMENTS :
3. Tuberosity of Tibia:
(i) It lies at the upper end of anterior border of the shaft and at the place where anterior surfaces of two condyles becomes continuous.
(il) It is triangular in shape. (in) It has 2 parts :
Area above the smooth part is related to Ligamentum patellae from which it is separated by Deep Infrapatellar bursa.
2. SHAFT
(i) It is prismoid in shape and gradually tapers from above downwards.
(ii) It possesses :
(i) 3 Borders-Anterior, Interosseous and Medial. (ii) 3 Surfaces-Medial, Lateral and Posterior.
Borders
Anterior:
(ii) Begins below the tuberosity of tibia and ends below at the anterior margin of medial. Malleolus
(iii) It is subcutaneous, sharp and prominent in upper 2/3 and is called 'Shin'.
ATTACHMENTS :
2. Interosseous (lateral) :
(i) Begins from antero-inferior part of the fibular facet on the lateral condyle and extends below to reach the anterior border of fibular notch at the lateral aspect of the lower end.
(ii) Gives attachment to Interosseous membrane except at its upper and lower ends. Through the gap in the upper part anterior tibial vessels enter the anterior compartment of the leg, perforating branch of peroneal artery.
(iii) Its lower end which forms anterior boundary of fibular notch gives attachment to Anterior tibio-fibular ligament.
3.Medial
ATTACHMENTS :
(A) Above soleal line to :
Facsia covering popliteus, Tibial collateral ligament of knee joint., Semimembranosus- insertion . of a few fibres.
(B) Below soleal line to :
Soleus-for a short distance, Fascia covering deep muscles of back of leg.
Surfaces
1. Medial :
(i) Lies between anterior and medial borders,
(ii) It is subcutaneous in nearly the whole of its extent.
(iii) A rough area near its upper part gives attachment to
(Iv) In front of the rough area following muscles are inserted from before backwards—
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus
2. Lateral :
(i) Lies between anterior and interosseous borders.
ii) Tibialis anterior-arises from its upper 2/3 part.
(iii) Lower third of the surface is related from medial to lateral side to (a) Tibialis anterior, (b) Extensor hallucis longus, (c) Anterior tibial vessels, (d) Deep peroneal nerve, (e) Extensor digitorum longus, (f) Peroneus tertius.
3. Posterior :
(i) Lies between interosseous and medial borders.
(ii) Soleal line-it is an oblique line running from above (in front of fibular facet) downwards and medially to the medial border. It divides the surface into the upper triangular area and a lower area. Lower area is further sub-divided by a vertical line in its upper 3/4 by a vertical line into a medial and a lateral area.
ATTACHMENTS :
Flexor digitorum longus arises from the medial part.
Tibialis posterior arises from the lateral part.
LOWER END
It possesses-(i) One Process known as 'Medial Malleolus'.
(ii) 5 Surfaces : anterior, medial, posterior, lateral and inferior.
Medial Malleolus
(i) It is a short and stout process which projects down from medial part of the lower end.
ii) It possesses 4 surfaces and one border :
Surfaces
1. Anterior :
(i) It is gently convex and is continuous above with lateral surface of the shaft. It is separated from its inferior surface by a narrow transverse groove which gives attachment to Capsular ligament of ankle joint.
(ii) It is related to following structures from medial to lateral
Side
2. Medial :
(i) It is convex and subcutaneous.
(ii) Continuous above with medial surface of the shaft and below with medial surface of medial malleolus.
3. Posterior :
(i) Faces backwards and is continuous with posterior surface of the shaft. It is separated from the inferior surface by a sharp margin which gives attachment to Capsular ligament of ankle joint.
ii) It has a groove at its medial end which lodges the tendon of tibialis posterior. Lateral to the groove lie the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve and the tendon of flexor hallucis longus.
(il) Presents nutrient foramen which is directed downwards, so upper end is the growing end of the bone. Nutrient artery is derived from posterior tibial artery.
Lateral
It is formed by the fibular notch which articulates with the lower end of fibula. Floor of the notch gives attachment to Interosseous Tibio-fibular ligament which keeps lower ends of two bones in strong apposition.
Anterior and Posterior borders of the notch gives attachment to Anterior and Posterior Tibio-fibular ligament.
Inferior:
It is covered with hyaline cartilage and articulates with superior surface of the body of talus.
Medially it is continuous with articular surface of medial malleolus.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
The upper end of tibia is one of the commonest sites for acute osteomyelitis. The knee joint remains safe because the capsule is attached near the articular margins of the tibia, proximal to the epiphyseal line.
The tibia is commonly fractured at the junction of upper two-thirds and lower one-third of the shaft as the shaft is most slender here. Such fractures may unite slowly, or may not unite at all as the blood supply to this part of the bone is poor. This may also be caused by tearing of the nutrient artery.
Forward dislocation of the tibia on the talus produces a characteristic prominence of the heel. This is the commonest type of injury of the ankle.
Inter-condylar area :
(i) It is a rough non-articular area between superior articular surface of the condyles.
(ii) An elevated area in the middle part is known as intercondylar eminence. The lateral and medial parts of this prominence project upwards and constitute the lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles, separated by a groove.
(iii) Intercondylar area gives attachment from before backwards to :
(iv) The ridge on posterior aspect of intercondylar area gives attachment to Capsular ligament of knee joint.