Intro to GIS
Lesson 8: Editing
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Editing
Source: City of Austin
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Editing and topology
Topology refers to the spatial relationships between features
Ideal relationships match those in the real world, achieving logical consistency
Proper editing techniques help ensure that features are logically consistent
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Snapping
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Types of snapping
The type of snapping controls where a new line might be snapped
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Coincident polygon boundaries
Polygons are stored as complete loops
In many cases, such as parcels, the boundary between two adjacent polygons should be identical, without gaps or overlaps
Care must be taken when editing to ensure proper topology
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Types of changes and file locks
Schema changes are those that affect the structure of a table, such as adding/deleting fields or modifying domains
Editing changes affect the properties of individual feature coordinates or attributes
Both types of changes will place a file lock on the feature class until the changes are saved
Editing is not possible when there are unsaved schema changes, and vice versa
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Editing and coordinate systems
Source: Esri
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Editing tips
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Creating a feature class
Source: Esri
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The Edit ribbon
Source: Esri
Editing functions are primarily found on the Edit ribbon
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The Contents pane
Source: Esri
The Contents pane has several panels that are useful when editing
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The Create Features pane
Source: Esri
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Feature templates
Source: Esri
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Modify Features pane
Source: Esri
The Modify Features pane (a) contains many tools for changing an existing feature such as
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Attributes pane
Source: Esri
The Attributes pane aids editing table values
It shows the currently selected features and their attributes
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Arranging the editing panes
Source: Esri
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Sketches
Source: Esri
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Editing context menus
Source: Esri
Several helpful menus can be accessed by different actions or screen clicks
a) General editing menu
b) Sketch menu
c) Dynamic constraints menu
d) Vertex menu
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General Editing context menu
Source: Esri
The General Editing menu (a) appears when the Select button is active and the user right-clicks the map
It does a variety of useful tasks
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Sketch context menu
Source: Esri
The Sketch menu contains tools used to construct the next segment or vertex with constraints such as
It appears when a sketch is active and the user right-clicks away from the sketch (star)
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Dynamic constraints button
Source: Esri
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Vertex context menu
Source: Esri
The Vertex menu contains tools used to edit the vertices of a sketch
It appears when a sketch is active and the user right-clicks on the sketch (star)
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Snapping toolbar
Source: Esri
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Creating adjacent polygons
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Additional adjacent polygons
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Splitting polygons
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Map topology
Source: Esri
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Editing edges with topology
Source: Esri
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Editing nodes with topology
Source: City of Austin
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Annotation
Source: Esri
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Reference scale
Source: Esri
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Creating annotation
Source: Esri
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Creating annotation features
Source: Esri
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Accessibility Content: Text Alternatives for Images
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Editing - Text Alternative
Two solid diagonal lines cut at a point in the form of an ‘X’. Along the two lines, two dashed diagonal lines are present. The dotted lines intersect slightly below the intersection of the solid lines. On the solid lines, the upper left line (before the intersection) is labeled as ‘Brenda,’ the upper right line is labeled as ‘Priscilla,’ and the lower-left line (after the intersection) is labeled as ‘Esther.’ The triangular area after the intersections of the lines shows two blocks labeled ‘6811 Esther Dr’ and ‘6809 Esther Dr.’
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Editing and topology - Text Alternative
The first part of the first illustration shows a vertical line and a horizontal line with nodes at their ends. The horizontal line is perpendicular to the vertical line, with a gap between them. This is labeled as ‘A dangle, the two lines fail to connect.’ The second part of the first illustration shows the same vertical and horizontal lines. The horizontal line is perpendicular to the vertical line, with no gaps between the lines. The horizontal line is placed on the vertical line. This is labeled as ‘Correct topology, the horizontal line intersects the vertical one, creating three lines.’ The first part of the second illustration shows two polygons overlapping one another with gaps between them. The overlap and gap between the polygons are marked using arrows. This is labeled as ‘Topological errors between two polygons.’ The second part of the second illustration shows two polygons where one polygon is placed on top of the other, with no gaps between them. This is labeled as ‘Coincident boundary between two polygons.’
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Snapping - Text Alternative
The first illustration shows a circle with a midpoint and three lines. A line extending from the midpoint is marked a. The second line extends from a random point inside the circle and is marked b. The third line extends from a random point outside the circle. The second illustration, after snapping, shows the circle with the lines A, B, and C. Line A and line B are joined through the midpoint while line C is in the same position as before.
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Types of snapping - Text Alternative
In the circle, the three points are joined by a vertical line that extends outside the circle. The line is located along the midpoint of the circle. The first point is towards the upper end of the circle and is marked as end snapping. The second point is towards the midpoint and is marked as edge snapping. The third point is a little further away from the midpoint and is marked as vertex snapping.
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Coincident polygon boundaries - Text Alternative
The first illustration shows two polygons overlapping one another with gaps between them. The overlap and gap between the polygons are marked using arrows. This is labeled as ‘Topological errors between two polygons.’ The second illustration shows two polygons where one polygon is placed on top of the other, with no gaps between them. This is labeled as ‘Coincident boundary between two polygons.’
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Editing and coordinate systems - Text Alternative
The dialogue box is labeled as ‘Map coordinate system” Oregon Statewide Lambert.’ In the map, three different regions are marked as Data in U T M, Data in G C S, and Data in State Plane.
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Creating a feature class - Text Alternative
The dialogue box shows the following data: Create Feature Class: Parameters, Environment. Feature class location: Edwards Aquifer dot gdb. Feature class name: karst features. Geometry types: Point. Template feature class: Blank. Has M: No. Has Z: No. Coordinate system: NAD underscore 1983 underscore State Plane underscore Texas underscore Ce.
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The Edit ribbon - Text Alternative
Eight sections are given in the edit ribbon. Each section consists of several tools. For each option, a respective visual depiction is given. The sections along with tools given in the edit ribbon are Clipboard: Paste, Cut, and Copy; Manage edits: Save, Discard, Map topology, Status, and Error inspector; Snapping: Snapping; Features: Create, modify, and delete; Selection: Attribute and clear; Tools: Move, Vertices, Reshape, Split line; Elevation: Mode, a blank bar, and a bar stating ‘No surfaces,’ and Manage quality.
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The Contents pane - Text Alternative
The data given under the contents bar are as follows: First line: A blank search bar along with a depiction of a magnifying glass. Second line: Flowchart, Cylinder, a depiction of a map labeled ‘View by the selection,’ a depiction of a pencil labeled ‘View by Editing,’ and a depiction of a square with four quadrants and a plus symbol towards the bottom right corner labeled ‘View by snapping.’
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The Create Features pane - Text Alternative
Dialogue box a: Create features: A blank search bar along with a depiction of a magnifying glass. The information states ‘Click here to see templates not listed.’ Under Address pts, the Address pts option is selected. Under buildings, a depiction of a green square states ‘Commercial’ along with six different options labeled ‘Construction tools.’ Below the construction toolbox, a depiction of a violet square states ‘Resident.’ Dialogue box b: Create features: Active template. Create feature completed. A depiction of a green square states ‘Commercial’ along with six different options. Enter attributes for features you are about to create. A table with two columns and four rows. First column: Blodg type, Address, City, and State. Second column: Commercial, less than Null greater than, Austin, and TX.
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Feature templates - Text Alternative
Dialogue box a: Create features: A blank search bar along with a depiction of a magnifying glass. The information states ‘Click here to see templates not listed.’ Under Address pts, the Address pts option is selected. Under buildings, a depiction of a green square states ‘Commercial’ along with six different options labeled ‘Construction tools.’ Below the construction toolbox, a depiction of a violet square states ‘Resident.’ Dialogue box b: Create features: Active template. Create feature completed. A depiction of a green square states ‘Commercial’ along with six different options. Enter attributes for features you are about to create. A table with two columns and four rows. First column: Blodg type, Address, City, and State. Second column: Commercial, <Null>, Austin, TX.
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Modify Features pane - Text Alternative
The first dialogue box is titled ‘Modify features.’ A blank search bar along with a depiction of a magnifying glass. Under the search bar, two options such as Favorites and All Tools are given. The ‘All Tools’ option is selected. Under the option, two sections such as Alignment and Reshape are given. Under alignment, tools such as Move, Rotate, Scale, Transform, ‘Align edge,’ Align features, and Move to are given. Under reshape, tools such as Vertices and Reshape are given. The second dialogue box is labeled ‘Modify features.’ Under it, ‘Edit vertices’ is given. This section shows two options such as Features and Edges. The ‘Features’ option is selected. Under ‘Features,’ Change the selection, geology: 32447.268235416, and Edit vertices options are given. Below the ‘Edit vertices’ option, a table with four columns and five rows is given. The column headers are a depiction of a right-angled triangle, the symbol of the number, X (US Feet), and Y (US Feet). The first column is blank. The data in the second and fourth columns are as follows: Column 2: 1, 2, 3, 4. Column 3: 3041569.67; 3037340.93; 3037153.94; 3037149.15. Column 4: 9979371.4; 9980136.01; 9980169.82; 9980167.73.
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Attributes pane - Text Alternative
Under the attributes pane, ‘Change the selection’ option is selected. The option shows further options such as Flash, Zoom to, Pan to, Copy attributes, Paste attributes, Only select this, Unselect, Delete, Attribute table, Attribute table show, New template from, and Layer properties. Below ‘Change the selection’ option, Address pts, Streets, buildings are given. Under Address pts, 6702 ESTHER DR, 6703 ESTHER DR, 6705 ESTHER DR are given. Under Streets, AUSTIN is shown. Under buildings, 6703 ESTHER DR and three more options are given which are hidden by a small tab. The tab reads ‘Right-click an entry to open the context menu.’ Below the tab, a row shows two sections, Attributes, and Geometry. The Attributes section is selected. Under Attributes, OBJECTID 18, Bldg type: Residential, and Address: 6703 Esther Dr are given.
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Arranging the editing panes - Text Alternative
Change the selection. Geology location 6852.81593014582. The object I D 26, Shape_length 6852.81593, Shape_Area 2282716.091135, and unit K k b n. A check box labeled Auto apply checked. Create features, attributes, and modify features tabs are at the bottom.
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Sketches - Text Alternative
Below the single-quadrant polygon, six options with the visual representation of each tool are given. The tools show the following: A diagonal line, an inverted V, a curve, a trapezium with a plus symbol on the lower horizontal line, a square with a tick mark, and a square with a cross (wrong) mark. The tool showing the diagonal line is selected. The dotted line between two plots on the polygon’s circumference is extended upwards while showing a solid line on that path.
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Editing context menus - Text Alternative
Part a: General editing menu: Copy, Paste, Delete, Explore, ‘What’s here?’, Select features, ‘Select all in the layer,’ Zoom to the selection, Pan to the selection, Clear, Move, Rotate, Scale, Vertices, and Attributes. Part b: Sketch menu: Direction; Deflection; Distance; Absolute X, Y, Z; delta X, Y, Z; Direction or distance; Parallel; Perpendicular; Segment deflection; Vertical; Reverse direction; Trim to length; Cancel; Finish; Square and finish; Finish part. Part c: Dynamic constraints menu: Box 1 shows N48 degree 00 dash 46 double dash E. In the next row, a curved line with three plots is depicted. Near the curved line is a box that reads 204.98 feet. Part d: Vertex menu: Delete vertex, Move, ‘Move to,’ Reverse direction, Cancel, Finish, and Finish part.
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General Editing context menu - Text Alternative
The tools given in the general editing context menu are as follows: Copy, Paste, Delete, Explore, ‘What’s here?’, Select features, ‘Select all in the layer,’ Zoom to the selection, Pan to the selection, Clear, Move, Rotate, Scale, Vertices, and Attributes.
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Sketch context menu - Text Alternative
The tools given in the sketch context menu are as follows: Direction; Deflection; Distance; Absolute X, Y, Z; Delta X, Y, Z; Direction or distance; Parallel; Perpendicular; Segment deflection; Vertical; Reverse direction; Trim to length; Cancel; Finish; Square and finish; Finish part. Towards the end of the menu, a single-quadrant polygon along with six tools and its visual representation is given. The tools show the following: A diagonal line, an inverted V, a curve, a trapezium with a plus symbol on the lower horizontal line, a square with a tick mark, and a square with a cross (wrong) mark. The tool showing the diagonal line is selected. The dotted line between two plots on the polygon’s circumference is extended upwards while showing a solid line on that path.
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Dynamic constraints button - Text Alternative
The tools given in the dynamic constraints button menu are as follows: Direction; Deflection; Distance; Absolute X, Y, Z; Delta X, Y, Z; Direction or distance; Parallel; Perpendicular; Segment deflection; Vertical; Reverse direction; Trim to length; Cancel; Finish; Square and finish; Finish part. Towards the ‘Absolute X, Y, Z; Delta X, Y, Z; Direction or distance’ options, a tab shows the dynamics constraints menu. This menu consists of the following: Box 1 shows N48 degree 00 dash 46 double dash E. In the next row, a curved line with three plots is depicted. Near the curved line is a box that reads 204.98 feet.
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Vertex context menu - Text Alternative
The tools given in the vertex context menu are as follows: Delete vertex, Move, ‘Move to,’ Reverse direction, Cancel, Finish, and Finish part. Below the menu, a single-quadrant polygon along with six tools and its visual representation is given. The tools show the following: A diagonal line, an inverted V, a curve, a trapezium with a plus symbol on the lower horizontal line, a square with a tick mark, and a square with a cross (wrong) mark. The tool showing the diagonal line is selected. The dotted line between two plots on the polygon’s circumference is extended upwards while showing a solid line on that path.
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Snapping toolbar - Text Alternative
A data given in the dialogue box is as follows: Snapping: A depiction of a square with three quadrants and a plus symbol towards the fourth quadrant (bottom right corner) labeled ‘Snapping is on.’ The eight options show a circle, a square with four quadrants, a square, and a square with extended corners, a rhombus with four quadrants, a triangle, and a circle with a small line on top. The next row titled ‘Snapping settings’ shows a depiction of a sheet with two options.
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Creating adjacent polygons - Text Alternative
The flowchart begins with a polygon labeled ‘Draw the first polygon with the Polygon tool.’ In the second step, the first polygon along with another polygon is depicted. The second polygon is not fully formed. This step is labeled ‘Add a new polygon with the Autocomplete Polygon tool.’ In the third step, two polygons where the first polygon appears to overlap the second polygon are depicted. This step is labeled ‘Two polygons with coincident boundaries.’
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Additional adjacent polygons - Text Alternative
Part a shows a solid polygon. Overlapping on one end of the solid polygon is the circumference of another polygon which is depicted in a dotted line. Part b shows two solid polygons where one overlaps the other. Overlapping towards the lower end of the two polygons is the circumference of another polygon which is depicted in a dotted line. Part c shows two polygons placed at a gap. A U-shaped curve of the dotted line is located on the polygons. One end of the dotted curve is on the right polygon while the other end is on the left polygon. The end of the curve on the right polygon is marked with an ‘X’ while one end of the left polygon is marked with a large ‘X’.
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Map topology - Text Alternative
Part a begins with a single-quadrant polygon with an S-shaped dotted line placed vertically towards the center. After splitting, the dotted line becomes a part of the polygon, forming two sections inside it. Part b begins with a polygon consisting of two sections. A dotted line is placed horizontally towards the center of the polygon. After splitting, the dotted line becomes a part of the polygon, forming four sections inside it.
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Editing edges with topology - Text Alternative
The dialogue box is titled ‘Edit vertices’ along with two options such as features and edges. The features option is selected. Under the option, the first map of an area is depicted. Inside the map, a specific area with a relatively larger area is marked using a dotted line. In the second map, the dotted line of the specific area is changed into a solid line.
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Editing nodes with topology - Text Alternative
On part a, two solid diagonal lines intersect at a point in the form of an ‘X’. Along the two lines, two dashed diagonal lines are present. The dotted lines intersect slightly below the intersection of the solid lines. On the solid lines, the upper left line (before the intersection) is labeled as ‘Brenda,’ the upper right line is labeled as ‘Priscilla,’ and the lower-left line (after the intersection) is labeled as ‘Esther.’ The triangular area after the intersections of the lines shows two blocks labeled ‘6811 Esther Dr’ and ‘6809 Esther Dr.’ In part b, the same two solid lines with the same labels intersect at a point in the form of an ‘X’. In this illustration, the intersection point of the dotted lines is located slightly below the intersection of the solid lines but the lines labeled Brenda, Priscilla, and Esther lie right on top of the solid lines. The intersection points of the solid lines and dotted lines are the same in both parts.
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Annotation - Text Alternative
The table consists of eight rows and six columns. The column headers are Status, Text String, Font Name, Font Size, Bold, and Italic. The data given in the table are as follows: Column 1, Status: Placed, Placed, Placed, Placed, Placed, Placed, And Placed. Column 2, Text String: IVY AV, BIRCH AV, MICHIGAN AV, HAWTHORNE AV, E IOWA ST, HOEFER AV, IDAHO ST. Column 3, Font Name: Arial, Arial, Arial, Arial, Arial, Arial, Arial. Column 4, Font Size: 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8. Column 5, Bold: No, No, No, No, No, No, And No. Column 6, Italic: No, No, No, No, No, No, No. Towards the end of the seventh column, a map showing ‘Robbins dale school’ along with streets and avenues is depicted.
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Reference scale - Text Alternative
The first map labeled ‘Labels at the reference scale’ shows several locations marked on different regions. The area names are not clearly visible. The second map labeled ‘Zoom in with no reference scale set’ shows a zoomed-in version of the first map but the locations are still not clearly visible. The third map labeled ‘Zoom in with a reference scale set’ shows another zoomed-in version of the map with locations clearly visible. They are Emery, Hartford, Humboldt, Dolton Monroe, Parker, Freeman, Lennox, and Chancellor.
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Creating annotation - Text Alternative
The dialogue box is titled ‘Converts labels to An…’ Under the box, two major options, Parameters and Environments are given. The Parameters option is selected. Under Parameters, Input map: Crestview, Conversion scale: 10000, Output Geodatabase: Crest view dot gdb, Anno suffix: Anno, and Extent: Default is given. Below the extent option, three tick boxes along with three options are given. They are Convert unplaced labels to unplaced annotation, Require symbols to be selected from the symbol table, and Create feature-linked annotation are given. The first option is selected. Below the tick boxes, the Output layer option is given. Under this option, ‘Group Anno’ is selected.
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Creating annotation features - Text Alternative
The dialogue box is titled ‘Create features.’ Below it, a blank search bar along with a depiction of a magnifying glass is given. Under the search box, options such as templates and favorites are given. The Favorites option is selected. Under Favorites, information states ‘Click here to see templates not listed.’ Below is the information, Group Anno: Streets Anno is given. Under Streets Anno, tools such as A a Default, ‘A’ placed horizontally along with a small horizontal line having a plot on it, ‘A’ placed diagonally along with a small diagonal line having a plot on it, ‘A’ placed horizontally along with a small horizontal curved having with plots on either end, ‘A’ placed diagonally along with an S-shaped diagonal line, and ‘A’ with a downward L structure near it are given. The tool of ‘A’ placed diagonally along with a small diagonal line having a plot on it is selected. Below the tools, a rectangular bar reads TEST ANNO.
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