1 of 60

Traits and Reproduction

Lesson 2.3: Investigating Gene Copies

Lesson purpose: for students to understand that organisms have two copies of a gene for each feature; different combinations of gene versions explain why some organisms make only one type of protein for a feature while other organisms make two different types of proteins for a feature�

Please refer to this lesson’s Materials & Preparation section in the digital Teacher’s Guide or the print Teacher’s Guide for information about preparing to teach this lesson, including any applicable safety notes. Below are links to resources used in this lesson.

Traits and Reproduction Simulation

Hemophilia, Proteins, and Genes

Printable Article: “Hemophilia, Proteins, and Genes”

Traits and Reproduction Investigation Notebook, pages 44–50

Traits and Reproduction Glossary

Traits and Reproduction Multi-Language Glossary

Note: These materials are made available exclusively for use by students and teachers for whom the corresponding materials have been purchased or licensed from Amplify. Any alterations you make should only be shared within your own school or district. Any other distribution or reproduction of these materials is forbidden without written permission from Amplify.

2 of 60

3 of 60

Activity 1

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

We will now watch a video that will deepen your understanding of mutations.

4 of 60

5 of 60

Activity 1

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

What is your reaction to the video?

Do you have any questions?

6 of 60

Activity 2 - Screen 1

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Today, we will investigate this question:

Investigation Question:

Why do some organisms make one type of protein for a feature and other organisms make two?

7 of 60

8 of 60

9 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 2 - Screen 1

Why do you think some organisms make one type of protein for a feature while other organisms make two?

10 of 60

Mission 1: Comparing Spiders

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Investigation Notebook pg 46

Activity 2 - Screen 1

Assign Partners�Decide who will be Partner A and who will be Partner B.

Pick a Feature�Choose any feature to focus on (except body size).

Find Proteins�Observe the cells for each spider. Partner A: Find a spider that makes only one type of protein for this feature. Partner B: Find a spider that makes two types of proteins for this feature.

Share and Compare�Compare the spiders and make observations to help answer the new Investigation Question.

Partner A

Partner B

11 of 60

Traits and Reproduction Sim

20 MIN

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Open the:

12 of 60

13 of 60

14 of 60

15 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 2 - Screen 2

How does changing the spiders’ genes affect their proteins and resulting traits?

16 of 60

Key Concept

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 2 - Screen 2

7.

An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature.

17 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 2 - Screen 2

In this diagram, we can see the gene copies in the nucleus of a venom gland cell.

The two copies of a gene can be the same version or different versions.

18 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 1

How can you use the terms homozygous and heterozygous to describe what you observed in the Sim?

19 of 60

Vocabulary

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 2

having gene versions that are the same

homozygous

20 of 60

Vocabulary

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 2

having gene versions that are different

heterozygous

21 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 2

In the Sim, we observed that organisms can have either two copies of a gene that are the same version, or they can have two different versions.

22 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 2

In the reading, we learned that scientists have specific terms to describe these combinations of gene versions. They can either be homozygous or heterozygous.

23 of 60

24 of 60

Key Concept

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 3

8.

The two copies of a gene for each feature can be the same version (homozygous) and provide instructions for only one type of protein.

25 of 60

Key Concept

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Activity 3 - Screen 3

9.

The two copies of a gene for each feature can be different versions (heterozygous) and provide instructions for two types of proteins.

26 of 60

Activity 4

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

In this activity, you will connect what you are learning in the Traits and Reproduction unit to other science topics.

27 of 60

28 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

End of Lesson

Published and Distributed by Amplify. www.amplify.com

29 of 60

Traits and Reproduction

Lesson 2.4: Applying Ideas About Genes

Lesson purpose: for students to reflect on and apply their growing understanding of the role genes play in producing proteins that determine traits

Please refer to this lesson’s Materials & Preparation section in the digital Teacher’s Guide or the print Teacher’s Guide for information about preparing to teach this lesson, including any applicable safety notes. Below are links to resources used in this lesson.

Modeling Tool: Variation in Spider Offspring Model copymaster

Exploring the Human Genome

Printable article: “Exploring the Human Genome”

Traits and Reproduction Investigation Notebook, pages 51–61

Traits and Reproduction Glossary

Traits and Reproduction Multi-Language Glossary

Note: These materials are made available exclusively for use by students and teachers for whom the corresponding materials have been purchased or licensed from Amplify. Any alterations you make should only be shared within your own school or district. Any other distribution or reproduction of these materials is forbidden without written permission from Amplify.

30 of 60

Investigation Notebook pg 52

Activity 1

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

31 of 60

32 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Let’s see if we can answer our Chapter 2 Question.

Why do Darwin’s bark spiders make different proteins for silk flexibility?

🍐 This is a Pear Deck Text Slide
🍐 To edit the type of question, go back to the "Ask Students a Question" in the Pear Deck sidebar.
💬Suggested teacher talk:
Use the information you have gathered from the hands-on activities, the “Hemophilia, Proteins, and Genes” article, and the Sim missions to answer the Chapter 2 Question.
👉Teacher action:
Have partners discuss ideas. Then, ask students to share their thinking with the class.
Highlight responses that refer to genes as instructions for proteins. Students should also think of gene versions as instructions for specific types of proteins. Help students conclude that the spiders make different proteins because they have different gene versions.
Point out that students have also answered the Investigation Question: Why do some organisms make one type of protein for a feature while other organisms make two?

33 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

We used the Modeling Tool in Chapter 1 to show why spider offspring had different traits for silk flexibility. Today, we will create a more complete explanation.

34 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Why do Offspring A’s proteins lead to the trait for low silk flexibility?

Which gene versions would you write for Offspring A?

35 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Investigation Notebook pg 53

You will predict the gene versions for each spider offspring. You should also add annotations to your Modeling Tool to help explain why the spiders have different traits for silk flexibility.

36 of 60

37 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Next, you’ll discuss your models in partners.

Discuss your completed models.

Use science words to clarify your thinking.

38 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Now, let’s discuss your models together as a class.

Share your model.

Explain which gene versions you recorded for each offspring.

39 of 60

Activity 2

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Let’s look back at the key concepts from Chapter 2.

How does each key concept relate to the models you made?

🍐 This is a Pear Deck Text Slide

🍐 To edit the type of question, go back to the "Ask Students a Question" in the Pear Deck sidebar.

👉Teacher action:

Point out key concepts 5–9 on the classroom wall and ask students to think about how they used these ideas as they made their models:

5. Genes are instructions for proteins.

6. Each gene version provides a unique instruction to make a specific protein molecule in an organism’s cells.

7. An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature.

8. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be the same version (homozygous) and provide instructions for only one type of protein.

9. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be different versions (heterozygous) and provide instructions for two types of proteins.

👉Teacher action:

Collect student sheets or have students store them for later. Students may reference these in Lesson 3.1.

40 of 60

Activity 3

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

The genetic researchers at Bay Medical Company have sent new data about the ACTN3 protein and the running ability feature.

41 of 60

Investigation Notebook pg 54

Activity 3

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

42 of 60

Activity 3

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Today, you will use the Write and Share routine to identify how evidence can help you understand which proteins and gene versions are connected to the traits for running ability.

43 of 60

Activity 3

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Investigation Notebook pgs 55–57

Respond to your prompt, using the vocabulary words listed.

Share your ideas about the evidence with your group.

👉Teacher action:

Have students respond to their prompts individually. Remind students that they can refer to the Traits and Reproduction glossary in Digital Resources or their Investigation Notebooks and key concepts on the classroom wall for help.
Prompt students to share their responses within their groups, and thoughtful ideas or questions that might help group members deepen their understanding.
While students are sharing, circulate and listen for indications that students understand that Runner 1 must have homozygous gene copies. As she did not have any other protein for this feature in her cells, she must have two A1 gene versions, both instructing for the ACTN3 protein.�

👉Teacher action:

If time permits, have students revise their explanations if they gained new insights from their group discussions. Students might consider revising based on the vocabulary words they heard their peers use.

44 of 60

45 of 60

46 of 60

47 of 60

Activity 3

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

What did your group discover about the runner’s genes?

🍐 This is a Pear Deck Text Slide
🍐 To edit the type of question, go back to the "Ask Students a Question" in the Pear Deck sidebar.
👉Teacher action:
Help students recognize that information about a runner’s proteins can help one predict that runner’s gene versions. Remind students that this is because gene versions provide unique instructions for specific proteins.
👉Teacher action:
Ask students to press HAND IN to submit their responses.�
👉Teacher action (to introduce the homework):
If needed, make additional time to explain the homework. If students do not have access to Amplify Science at home, provide them with the print resources listed below.
Revisiting the Anticipation Guide activity: Investigation Notebook page 58
Reading “Exploring the Human Genome” activity: Investigation Notebook page 59 and printed copies of the “Exploring the Human Genome” article
Optional Self-Assessment activity: Investigation Notebook pages 60–61

48 of 60

49 of 60

"Exploring the Human Genome”

20 MIN

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Open the article:

50 of 60

51 of 60

52 of 60

53 of 60

"Meet a Scientist Who Studies How the Environment Affects Our Traits”

20 MIN

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.3

Open the article:

54 of 60

55 of 60

56 of 60

57 of 60

Self-Assessment

(Optional)

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

Activity 5

58 of 60

Activity 5

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

For this activity, you will have a chance to reflect on your learning so far.

Remember, these are the same questions you will revisit at the end of every chapter.

59 of 60

Investigation Notebook pgs 60–61

Activity 5

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

60 of 60

Traits and Reproduction: Lesson 2.4

End of Lesson

Published and Distributed by Amplify. www.amplify.com