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Arizona STEM

Acceleration Project

Rube Goldberg Machines

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Rube Goldberg Machines!

A 7th Grade STEM Lesson

Josylyn Larson

April 2023

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Notes for Teachers

Context: This lesson takes place in a classroom for several hours.

Students are working in small groups of 3-4.

An emphasis on systems and combining systems.

List of Materials:

  • cardboard
  • rubber bands
  • string
  • hot glue
  • wheels
  • recycled materials
  • books

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Arizona Standards

Math:

7.MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Mathematically proficient students make sense of quantities and their relationships in problem situations. Students can contextualize and decontextualize problems involving quantitative relationships. They contextualize quantities, operations, and expressions by describing a corresponding situation. They decontextualize a situation by representing it symbolically. As they manipulate the symbols, they can pause as needed to access the meaning of the numbers, the units, and the operations that the symbols represent. Mathematically proficient students know and flexibly use different properties of operations, numbers, and geometric objects and when appropriate they interpret their solution in terms of the context.

Physical Science:

8.P4U2.5 Develop a solution to increase efficiency when transferring energy from one source to another.

Ed Technology:

6-8.4.a. Students engage in a design process for generating and testing ideas and developing innovative products to solve problems.

Science and Engineering Practices:

● ask questions and define problems

● develop and use models

● use mathematics and computational thinking

● construct explanations and design solutions

● obtain, evaluate, and communicate information

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Objective(s):

The students will construct a complex machine involving the use of at least 3 simple machines.

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Agenda (several days)

10 minutes: read Rube Goldberg Book

15 minutes: brainstorm problems that need to be solved

40 minutes: Choose a problem and sketch possible machines

120 minutes: construct and test machines

45 minutes: collaborate and combine with other groups

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What is a Rube Goldberg Machine?

https://pin.it/R0MRNpt

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Machines

Machines are the mechanical structures that utilize power to produce forces and movement.

6 Simple Machines include:

  • Wheel and Axle
  • Screw
  • Inclined Plane
  • Wedge
  • Pulley
  • Lever

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Read-Aloud

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Instructions

In a group of 2-4, engineer a system of at least 3 simple machines to replicate a Rube Goldberg machine.

Constraints:

  • Materials available on table:

Cardboard, dowels, marbles, twine, styrofoam

  • Masking tape or hot glue
  • 3 class periods
  • 3 different simple machines
  • 1 3D printed part (optional)

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How do we assess our work?

  • We field test our invention
  • We seek feedback
  • We revise and repeat

We evaluate our final machine’s ability to meet requirements and stay within constraints.

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Assessment

Test your machines:

  • Did it accomplish your goal?
  • Does it function smoothly without help?
  • If not, where did it require assistance?
  • Were you able to improve your machine?
  • If yes, how?

ELA Assessment

How is what you are doing similar to what Rube did in “Rube Goldberg’s Simple Normal Humdrum School Day?”

How is it different?

Describe in detail your own engineering design process.

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Differentiation

One way to differentiate in this lesson is to provide some groups a template for their first machine or goal. This can help students who struggle with the “getting started” phase.

You can also allow them to use human power to help their machine along.

Remediation

Extension/Enrichment

Students who are successful right away can create 3D printed parts to streamline their machine. They can also combine with another group and work out a way to combine their machines and make it longer.