EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE (EHV) A.C. TRANSMISSION����

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Presented by:

Nikhil Tiwari

B.Tech THIRD YEAR

ROLL NUMBER: 2021031044

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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Email: 2021031044@mmmut.ac.in

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Email: 2021031044@mmmut.ac.in

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03-01-2025

Side 1

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Content�

1. Introduction
1. Definition
2. History and Evolution
3. Importance
2. Components of EHV AC Transmission System
• Overview of key components
• Role and function of each components
3. Advantages of EHV AC Transmission
• High voltage advantages
• Efficiency improvement
• Cost effectiveness
4. Challenges and solutions
5. Environmental impacts
6. Future trends in EHV AC Transmission
7. Conclusion
8. References

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03-01-2025

Side 2

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Introduction�

1. In EHV AC (Extra High Voltage Alternating Current) transmission, electricity is transmitted over long distances at extremely high voltages. EHV AC transmission typically involves voltages ranging from 345 kilovolts (kV) to 1200 kV or higher, significantly higher than standard high voltage transmission lines.
2. EHV AC transmission is a crucial component of modern electrical engineering infrastructure, enabling the efficient transfer of large amounts of power over vast distances from power generation facilities (such as hydroelectric plants, thermal power stations, or renewable energy farms) to population centers and industrial hubs.
3. EHV AC transmission evolved from early experiments by Tesla and Westinghouse in the late 19th century to the deployment of transmission lines above 345 kV in the mid-20th century. Advancements in insulation, equipment, and grid management since then have enabled the widespread implementation of EHV AC networks

03-01-2025

Side 3

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Components of EHV Transmission�

1. Generator: Generators are the primary source of electrical power in the EHV AC transmission system. EHV generators produce electricity at high voltages, which is then stepped up using transformers for efficient long-distance transmission.

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• Transformer: Transformers play a crucial role in EHV AC transmission by adjusting voltage levels to facilitate efficient power transfer. Step-up transformers increase the voltage generated by the generators to EHV levels for transmission over long distances, minimizing power losses.

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Side 4

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Continued:-

1. Transmission line: Transmission lines are the conductive pathways that carry electricity over long distances from power plants to substations or interconnectors. EHV AC transmission lines are designed to withstand high voltages and currents while minimizing electrical losses and maximizing efficiency.

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• Substations: Substations serve as vital nodes in the EHV AC transmission system, facilitating voltage transformation, switching, and control. They receive high-voltage electricity from transmission lines and utilize transformers to step down the voltage to levels suitable for distribution.

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Side 5

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Generating to Distributing end

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Side 6

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Network for Bulk Power Transfer

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Side 7

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Advantages of EHV AC Transmission

1. Reduced Transmission Losses: EHV AC transmission minimizes power losses over long distances due to lower current levels, resulting in more efficient power delivery.
2. Increased Power Transfer: Higher voltage levels allow for greater power transfer capabilities, enabling the transmission of large amounts of electricity over existing infrastructure.
3. Lower Voltage Drop: EHV AC transmission experiences less voltage drop compared to lower voltage systems, ensuring more consistent and reliable power supply to end-users.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Despite initial investment costs, EHV AC transmission proves cost-effective in the long run due to its ability to transmit large amounts of power with minimal losses, contributing to economic viability and energy sustainability.

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Side 8

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Challenges and mitigation in Transmission

1. Corona effect: The corona effect occurs when the electric field strength around high-voltage conductors ionizes the surrounding air, leading to energy loss, audible noise, and potential damage to equipment. Mitigating measures include optimizing conductor design, using corona rings, and controlling operating voltage levels.
2. Insulation Requirements: EHV AC transmission systems require robust insulation to withstand high voltages and environmental conditions, such as temperature variations and pollution. Insulators made of materials like porcelain or polymer composite are used to prevent electrical breakdown and ensure system reliability.
3. Grid Stability: Maintaining grid stability becomes challenging with the integration of EHV AC transmission lines due to factors like power fluctuations, voltage regulation, and transient disturbances. Advanced control systems, including FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), HVDC links, and grid monitoring technologies, are employed to enhance stability and ensure reliable operation of the power grid.

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Side 9

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Visual Representation of Corona Effect

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Side 10

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Environmental Impacts

1. Land Usage and Right-of-Way: EHV AC transmission systems require extensive land for the installation of transmission towers, substations, and associated infrastructure. The establishment of transmission corridors often involves clearing vegetation and may lead to habitat fragmentation, soil erosion, and disruption of ecosystems.
2. Impact on Wildlife and Ecosystems: EHV AC transmission lines can pose risks to wildlife through collision hazards for birds and disruption of migration routes and nesting habitats. Ecosystems along transmission corridors may experience habitat loss, altered vegetation dynamics, and disturbances to biodiversity.
3. Mitigation Measures and Sustainable Practices: Implementing advanced technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing for route planning to minimize environmental impact. Integrating vegetation management plans to promote biodiversity and ecosystem resilience along transmission corridors, including the establishment of wildlife corridors and buffer zones.

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Side 11

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Future Trends in EHV AC Transmission

1. UHV (Ultra-high Voltage) Transmission: Advances in insulation materials and equipment design enable the deployment of transmission systems operating at ultra-high voltage levels (above 1200 kV), offering increased power transfer capacity and reduced transmission losses.

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• HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) Transmission: HVDC technology complements EHV AC transmission by offering efficient long-distance power transmission, interconnecting asynchronous grids, and integrating renewable energy sources.

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• Smart Grid Integration: Integration of digital communication and control technologies into EHV AC transmission networks enhances grid flexibility, reliability, and efficiency. Smart grid solutions include real-time monitoring, advanced analytics, demand response programs, and grid automation, enabling dynamic grid management and optimal utilization of resources.

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Side 12

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, EHV AC transmission is pivotal in modernizing electrical infrastructure, enabling efficient long-distance power transfer. Despite challenges like environmental impact and grid stability, innovations in ultra-high voltage transmission, HVDC systems, and smart grid integration promise a sustainable future. It's crucial to prioritize sustainability and stakeholder engagement as we navigate towards a resilient electrical grid. By embracing advancements and responsible practices, we can ensure reliable power supply while minimizing environmental footprint. Let's collaborate to shape a brighter, more efficient, and sustainable future for EHV AC transmission. Thank you for your attention and commitment to progress.

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Side 13

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

References

1. R. D. Begamudre, “Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering.”
2. E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel, “High Voltage Engineering.”
3. L. Zhao, Y. Zhang, and H. Chen, “Dynamic Analysis of EHV AC Transmission Networks for Voltage Stability Assessment.”
4. S. Mishra, A. Kumar, P. Gupta, “Development of Smart Grid Technologies for Enhanced Monitoring and Control of EHV AC Transmission Networks.”
5. N. Kumar, S. Singh, A. Sharma, “Evaluation of Grid Stability in EHV AC Transmission Systems with Renewable Energy Integration”

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Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

THANK YOU

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Side 15

Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur