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Nutrition in plants

CLASS – VII

SUBJECT - SCIENCE

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RECAPITULATION

FOOD IS ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.

THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS PRESENT IN FOOD ARE CALLED NUTRIENTS.

THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS IN FOOD AND ITS UTILISATION BY THE BODY IS CALLED NUTRITION.

THERE ARE TWO MODES OF NUTRITION:

-AUTOTROPHIC

-HETEROTROPHIC

THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS MAKE FOOD THEMSELVES FROM SIMPLE SUBSTANCES IS CALLED AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION. E.G. GREEN PLANTS

THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS TAKE IN FOOD PREPARED BY PLANTS IS CALLED HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION. E.G. ANIMALS

Green plants synthesise food for themselves by the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide and sunlight are essential requirements for photosynthesis.

Solar energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll present in leaves.

Complex chemical substances such as carbohydrates are the products of photosynthesis.

Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis

Green colour pigment Chlorophyll is present in green parts of the plant.

There are tiny pores called Stomata present on the surface of leaves for exchange of gases.

The food synthesised by the plants is stored as Starch.

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SYNTHESIS OF PLANT FOOD

OTHER THAN CARBOHYDTATES

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SOIL CONTAINS CERTAIN MINERALS IN DISSOLVED FORM. THESE MINERALS ARE ABSORBED BY THE PLANTS FROM THE SOIL THROUGH THEIR ROOTS.

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FROM WHERE DO THE PLANTS

OBTAIN NITROGEN?

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PLANTS REQUIRE A LOT OF NITROGEN TO MAKE OTHER NUTRIENTS.

THAT’S WHY, THEY ABSORB NITROGEN CONTINUOUSLY FROM THE SOIL.

DUE TO THIS, THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN BECOMES DEFICIENT IN SOIL.

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FARMERS ADD FERTILISERS WHICH ARE RICH IN NITROGEN IN THE SOIL.

SOIL HAS CERTAIN BACTERIA THAT CONVERT GASEOUS NITROGEN INTO SOLUBLE FORM AND RELEASE IT INTO THE SOIL.

IN THIS WAY, PLANTS FULFILL THE REQUIREMENTS OF NITROGEN TO SYNTHESISE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF FOOD.

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ACTIVITY

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PLANTS NOT HAVING CHLOROPHYLL

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THESE PLANTS OBTAIN THEIR FOOD DIRECTLY FROM OTHER PLANTS.

PARASITIC PLANTS

THOSE PLANTS THROUGH WHICH THEY OBTAIN FOOD ARE KNOWN AS HOST.

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PARASITE

HOST

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CUSCUTA (AMARBEL)

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CUSCUTA (AMARBEL)

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PARASITE

HOST

?

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PARASITES

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PARASITES

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NUTRITION IN FUNGI

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FUNGI GET THEIR NUTRITION FROM DEAD AND DECAYING MATTER.

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SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION

In this mode of nutrition, the organisms derive their nutrition from dead and decaying matter.

Organisms which use this kind of mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs.

FUNGI ARE SAPROTROPHS

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LET`S SEE A VIDEO

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THESE PLANTS TRAP INSECTS AND DIGEST THEM TO GET NUTRITION.

E.G. PITCHER PLANT, VENUS FLY TRAP

INSECTIVOROUS

PLANTS

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PITCHER

PLANT

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VENUS

FLY TRAP

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THESE PLANTS CAN SYNTHESISE THEIR OWN FOOD BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

BUT THEY GROW IN NITROGEN DEFICIENT SOIL.

SUCH PLANTS FULFILL THEIR NITROGEN REQUIREMENT BY EATING SMALL INSECTS.

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ARE INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS PARTIAL HETEROTROPHS?

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SYMBIOTIC

RELATIONSHIP

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO DISSIMLAR ORGANISMS IN WHICH BOTH ARE LIVING TOGETHER AND SHARE SHELTER AND NUTRIENTS TO EACH OTHER IS CALLED SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP.

ORGANISMS WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP ARE CALLED SYMBIONTS.

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LICHEN

ALGAE PROVIDE FOOD TO FUNGI.

FUNGI PROVIDE PROTECTION, ABSORBED WATER & MINERALS TO ALGAE.

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RHIZOBIUM

THE BACTERIA LIVES IN ROOTS OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS AND PROVIDE ATMOSPHERIC NIROGEN IN SOLUBLE FORM TO PLANTS.

IN RETURN, PLANTS PROVIDE FOOD AND SHELTER TO BACTERIA.

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WHAT

HAVE WE LEARNT?

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  • PLANTS SYNTHESISE VARIOUS NUTRIENTS WITH THE HELP OF NITROGEN AND OTHER MINERALS ABSORBED FROM SOIL.
  • THOSE PLANTS WHICH OBTAIN THEIR NUTRITION DIRECTLY FROM OTHER PLANTS ARE CALLED PARASITIC PLANTS. E.G. CUSCUTA
  • THOSE PLANTS THROUGH WHICH PARASITIC PLANTS OBTAIN THEIR NUTRITION ARE CALLED HOST.
  • THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS TAKE IN NUTRIENTS FROM DEAD AND DECAYING MATTER IS CALLED SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION.
  • ORGANISMS WHICH DEPEND ON DEAD AND DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER ARE CALLED SAPROTROPHS. E.G. FUNGI
  • THOSE PLANTS WHICH CAN TRAP INSECTS AND DIGEST THEM TO GET NUTRITION ARE CALLED INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS. E.G. PITCHER PLANT
  • WHEN TWO ORGANISMS LIVE TOGETHER AND SHARE SHELTER AND NUTRIENTS TO EACH OTHER, IT IS CALLED SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP.
  • THE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP ARE CALLED SYMBIONTS.
  • LICHEN IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP.
  • RHIZOBIUM BACTERIA SHOWS SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH ROOTS OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS.

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ASSIGNMENT

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Q.1. NAME THE FOLLOWING:

  1. A parasitic plant with yellow, slender and branched stem.
  2. A plant that is partially autotrophic.

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Q.2. TICK THE CORRECT ANSWER:

  1. Cuscuta is an example of –
  2. Autotroph
  3. Parasite
  4. Saprotroph
  5. Host

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Q.2. TICK THE CORRECT ANSWER:

(ii) The plant which traps and feeds on insects is –

  • Cuscuta
  • China rose
  • Rose
  • Pitcher plant

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Q.3. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A PARASITE AND A SAPROTROPH.

Q.4. HOW WOULD YOU TEST THE PRESENCE OF STARCH IN LEAVES?

Q.5. WHY DO FARMERS GROW SO MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES INSIDE LARGE GREEN HOUSES? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES TO THE FARMERS?

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THANKYOU

FROM – REKHA CHOUDHARY

T.G.T SCIENCE

K.V VIKASPURI