Basic Laboratory Techniques in Chemistry
PURIFICATION OF WATER
The usual laboratory method of obtaining pure water is distillation.
This method of purification will remove any substance that has a boiling point heigher than that of water.
When water contains bicarbonates of Ca, Mg or Fe it is said to have carbonate hardness.
When water contains calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride it is said to have noncarbonate hardness.
Another effective method of obtaining pure water is the use of organic deionizers.
These are organic resins that exchange H ions for the cations and OH ions for the anions.
water
Pure water
Heavy water
Natural water
Distillation
Deionizers
Evaporation
Condensation
Dowex
Amberlite
Zeolite
PREPARATION OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN
Among the gases that occur in the atmosphere, oxygen is the most important to use.
OXYGEN
Method of preparation
- Electrolysis of water
HYDROGEN
Method of preparation
CARBON AND HYDROCARBONS
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
The forms of carbon
Fuel
Lubrificant
Electrical
conductor
Metallurgy
Catting
tools
Special
metal
Alloys
Charcoal
Coke
Anthracite
Amorphous
graphite
Diamond
CARBON
Carbons
Hydrogen
Halogen
Oxygen
Carbon compounds
Dyes
Plastics
Textile fibers
Medicines
Drugs
HYDROCARBONS
Series
Alkene
Alkane
Alkynes
They have single covalent bonds
They have double covalent bonds
They have triple covalent bonds
HYDROCARBONS PROCESSING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. Briano – A Matter of life - English for Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology – Edisco
P. Vaudo – On the Lab – Ed. Yuvenilia
Author: Gabriele