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Luxembourg

By: Kelseigh Sargent

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The Luxembourg Flag

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  • 3 horizontal stripes- red, white and blue
  • First used in 1845, and officially adopted in 1993
  • Luxembourg didn’t have a flag until 1830
  • Colors come from the coat of arms of the House of Luxembourg (the bottom picture)

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Notable History

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  • The name Luxembourg is derived from a Roman castle built by Siegfried, count de Ardennes, called Lucilinburhuc (“Little Fortress”)
  • Became an independent entity in 963
  • Gained full independence in 1867
  • Luxembourg was occupied by Germany during WWI from 1914-1918
  • Joined the League of Nations- an intergovernmental organization whose mission was to maintain world peace- in 1920
  • Belguim Revolution of 1830-1839 cut Luxembourg's territory almost in half, transferring much of the francophone side to Belgium.

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Languages

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  • Official languages: Luxembourgish, German, French
  • French is most commonly used, and some small amounts of the population speak English and Portugese
  • Why they speak french: French is the language of legislation, due to the Napoleonic civil code in Luxembourg

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Population

  • Luxembourg’s population was about 625,978 in the middle of 2020
  • The population is about 0.01% of the total world population

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Religion

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  • Majority (about 90%) are Roman Catholics
  • The rest is made of protestants, Jews and Muslims
  • Roman Catholicism is the largest of the three branches of Christianity

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Climate and Landscape

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  • Climate is fairly cool, with cold winters and mild summers, with lots of precipitation
  • Lows of around freezing temperature in the winters, though it can go below freezing, and around 75 degrees in summer - it can get to 90 degrees, but that is pretty rare
  • Landscape is hilly in the north, flat in the south
  • Landlocked

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Currency

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  • Euros
  • Introduced on January 1, 2002
  • Before that, they used a Luxembourg Franc

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Economy/Exports

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  • In the top 3 richest countries in the world
  • Economic prosperity (flourishing/thriving in regards to wealth)
  • Largely dependent on steel, banking, industrial sectors
  • Top 10 exports: Electrical machinery/equipment, machinery including computers, Iron/steel, plastics/plastic articles, vehicles, articles of iron or steel, rubber, aluminum, dairy/eggs/honey, paper

Audio below

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Current Events

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  • A classic Luxembourg house was restored and is now on the market for $3 million
  • Makes history as first country with free public transport
  • European Commission approved a €60 million Luxembourg aid scheme to help companies affected by the coronavirus

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Culture; Music

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  • They have an organization called the Union Grand Duc-Adolphe-- national music federation for all kinds of singing, music, instruments
  • Main places for classical music:
  • Philharmonie concert hall
  • Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg

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Culture; Art

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  • Some of the most influential painters: Jean-Baptiste Fresez, Joseph Kutter, Nicolas Liez, Jean Jacoby

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Spoken Audio Clip

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https://youtu.be/z1Jfor9KJdE

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Fun Facts

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  • The food is mainly influenced by French and German foods
  • You can rent bikes for free anywhere in Luxembourg City for 30 minutes
  • One of the safest countries in the world - only 2 jails
  • Luxembourg City is a UNESCO World Heritage site (unesco= the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
  • The only Grand Duchy in the word- the only place to have a Grand Duke and Grand Duchess
  • Has more than 100 castles

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Sources