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Cabinet Building

iCivics Lesson

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Lesson Objectives:

  • Identify the origin and purpose of the president’s cabinet
  • Describe the process of becoming a member of the cabinet
  • Identify the 16 cabinet positions and the general topics for �which they are responsible
  • Explain how politics can impact the success of presidential nominations for the cabinet
  • Track nominations and confirmations of the new �presidential administration

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How much authority do you think the president should have?

Pick between these two positions, and explain your choice to a partner:

  1. President Flies Solo: All decisions rest on the president, and no advisory cabinet should be involved.
  2. A Little Help Over Here? An advisory board, or cabinet, can help the president with decisions.

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Today, you’ll learn about the president’s cabinet! Read this document (pages 1-4), then return to the slides for follow-up activities.

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Reading Questions

Complete these as a class on present mode. Or individually as assigned by your teacher.

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1. Constitutional Origins

Which clause of the Constitution describes the Founders’ compromise to create a cabinet for the president?

Answer: The Opinion Clause

The President...may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices…

Article II, Section 2, Clause 1

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2. Washington’s First Advisors

George Washington had four advisors who helped him address foreign policy, finance, war, and law. Match each advisor to the correct position.

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury

Edmund Randolph

Thomas Jefferson

Henry Knox

Secretary of State

Secretary of War

Attorney General

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3. A Cabinet is Born

Fill in the blanks.

Since the first full cabinet meeting in ________, �the cabinet has grown from ________ members �to ______________ members.

This image shows James K. Polk and his cabinet �in 1846. It’s the first cabinet to be photographed.

1793

four

sixteen

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Follow-up Activities

Exit out of present mode to fill in your answers.

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4. Follow the Flow

Check out these two flow charts that show the process of becoming a cabinet member. Each one has an important part missing. Name that part, and explain to a partner what might be at risk if it were skipped in the real process.

What’s missing?

What’s missing?

Exit present mode to write your answers.

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4. Nomination Drama

Nomination hearings bring a special brand of dramatics to Capitol Hill. Take on the role of Senator for these questions. Exit present mode to write your answer.

1. You are a member of the same party as the president and support the nominee. What might convince you to withdraw your support from a nominee during the process?

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4. Nomination Drama

2. You are a member of the opposition party and do NOT support the nominee. What might convince you to change your mind and support the nominee?

Nomination hearings bring a special brand of dramatics to Capitol Hill. Take on the role of Senator for these questions. Exit present mode to write your answer.

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4. Nomination Drama

3. You are a member of the opposition party and do NOT support the president’s recess appointment. How will you respond to media inquiries about the appointment?

Nomination hearings bring a special brand of dramatics to Capitol Hill. Take on the role of Senator for these questions. Exit present mode to write your answer.

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5. Cabinet Contents

Use the information from the list of departments on page 4 of the reading to help with these questions. Exit present mode to write your answers.

1. Which century saw the most growth of the cabinet? How many departments were created?

2. Which department do you think has the most impact on your day to day life? Why?

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5. Cabinet Contents

Use the information from the list of departments on page 4 of the reading to help with these questions. Exit present mode to write your answers.

Select one cabinet position, then list at least two qualifications you think a nominee should have if appointed.

Position:

Qualification 1:

Qualification 2:

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6. It Matters to You!

The presidential cabinet can affect you in three main ways. Select one way discussed in the lesson that is most important to YOU. Drag the red circle to the right of the slide over the letter for your answer.

Exit present mode to answer.

  1. Cabinet members run the departments that execute federal laws.
  2. Members of the cabinet act as close advisors to the president and can influence executive action.
  3. The cabinet offices are a part of the presidential line of succession and could be called to act as president.

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6. It Matters to You!

Explain why your choice on the previous slide would have the most impact on YOU. Your response should be 4-6 sentences in length.

Exit present mode to answer.

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7. Tracking the New Cabinet

Now that you know the purpose and process of selecting a presidential cabinet, it’s time to find out who will be sitting at the next administration’s table. Use the chart linked below to track nominations and appointments, as well as any additional information about the nominee’s qualifications and missteps. The departments themselves may undergo change too. Find the chart here.

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8. On New Nominations

Discuss with a partner:

  1. What trends do you notice in the qualifications of the president-elect’s nominations? What qualifications seem most important to the president-elect?

  • How is Congress responding to these nominations? What characteristics make a nomination more likely to gain this Congress’ approval?

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8. On New Nominations

President-elect Joe Biden has pledged to appoint “the most diverse cabinet in history”—one that “looks like America.”

At this point, to what extent do you think President-elect Biden has met that promise? Consider: what are some different ways to define and measure diversity? Discuss with a partner.

2020

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Now that you’ve completed the lesson, reflect �with partners:

  1. What’s one new thing you learned about the history of the cabinet?
  2. What’s one new thing you learned about the president-elect’s cabinet?
  3. Would you ever want to serve on a president’s cabinet? If yes, in which position? If no, why not?