HERBS, SHRUBS AND TREES

• Plants are usually grouped into herbs, shrubs, trees and climbers based on their height, stems and branches.

HERBS

• Plants with green and tender stems are called herbs. They are usually short and may not have many branches.

SHRUBS

• Some plants have the stem branching out near the base. The stem is hard but not very thick such plants are called shrubs.

TREES

• Some plants are very tall and have hard and thick brown stem. The stems have branches in the upper part, much above the ground. Such plants are called trees.

CLIMBERS, CREEPERS

• Plants with weak stem that cannot stand up right and spread on the ground are called creepers, while those that take support on neighboring structures and climb up are called climbers.

CLIMBERS, CREEPERS

PARTS OF THE PLANTS

• The parts of the plants are
• 1.Root
• 2.Stem
• 3.Leaf
• 4.Flower

ROOT

• Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and anchor the plant firmly in the soil.

ROOT

TYPES OF ROOTS

• Roots are mainly of two types.
• 1.Tap root
• 2.Fibrous roots

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TAP ROOT SYSTEM

• A tap root has a main root and the smaller roots are called lateral roots. Plants with reticulate venation have this type of root system.

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

• Do not have any main root.
• All roots seem similar.
• Plants with parallel venation have this type of root system.

STEM

• The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
• It conducts water, minerals from roots to leaves.
• It conducts food materials from leaves to roots.

STEM

LEAF

• A leaf usually has a petiole and a lamina.

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LEAF –VENATION

• There are some lines on the leaf. These lines are called veins. Thick vein in the middle is called midrib. The small veins are called lateral veins.

LEAF –VENATION

• The pattern of veins on the leaf is called venation. It is of two types.
• 1. reticulate venation.
• 2. Parallel venation.

LEAF –VENATION

LEAF-FUNCTION

• Green leaves make their food by the process of photosynthesis. Using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sun light.

LEAF-FUNCTION

• Flowers are extremely diverse in size, shape, colour and so on.
• Flower is the reproductive organ of a plant.

ALL THE FLOWERS HAVE FOUR BASIC STRUCTURES :

SEPAL

PETAL

PISTIL

STAMEN

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• Sepals are small, green, leaf like structures located at the base of a flower. They protect the flower bud. Collectively, the sepals are called a calyx.

Petals are also important parts of the flower because they help attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies and bats.

STAMEN

PETALS

The stamen is the male reproductive organ. It consists of a pollen sac (anther) and a long supporting filament. This filament holds the anther in position, making the pollen available for dispersement by wind, insects, or birds.

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• The pistil is a plant's female part.

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• The pistil usually is located in the center of the flower and is made up of of three parts: the stigmaThe pistil usually is located in the center of the flower and is made up of of three parts: the stigma, styleThe pistil usually is located in the center of the flower and is made up of of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary.

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• The stigma is the sticky knob at the top of the pistil. It is attached to the long, tubelike structure called the style. The style leads to the ovary which contains the female egg cells called ovules.

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OVULES TURN IN TO SEEDS AND

OVARY BECOMES THE FRUIT

THANK YOU