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Field Trials 2022 at�Mustiala Education and Research Farm

Sakari Raiskio, Nature Resources Institute Finland�Annika Michelson, Häme University of Applied Sciences

Diversity to Fields

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Growing season agrotechnical information

Year

Start of growing season,

date

Sowing,�date

Harvesting, �date

Growing season days

Growing season accumulated temperature, degrees

Growing season accumulated rain�Jokioinen,

mm

2019

17.4

15.5

26.8; 29.8; 10.9

103-117

1251

316

2020

1.5

8.5

7.8; 28.8; 11.9; 15.9

92-131

1271

258

2021

8.5

26.5

23.8-9.9.

90-107

1464

255

2022

20.4.

24.5.

26.8.-1.9.

95-101

1348

230

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Soil: Sandy loam with ritch moald

Previous years at the same field:

2022 Barley

2021 Rye, Reetta

2020 Grass

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Sown: 24.5.2022, photo: 10.6.2022

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6.8.2022

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10.8.2022

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25.8.2022

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Sarkalahti heritage wheat

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Kerimäkeläinen heritage wheat

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Lohja heritage wheat

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Vehmaa heritage wheat

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Siikajoki heritage wheat

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Heritage wheat in the field trial

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Wheat 2022

Yield, kg/ha

Length cm

Protein %

TGW, g*

Vehnät 2022

Sato, kg/ha

Pituus, cm

Valk %

Tjp, g

Sarkalahti

2606

103

9,17

39,7

Kerimäkeläinen

2421

103

9,95

35,8

Lohja

2044

103

10,82

35,5

Vehmaa (awns)

1731

96

10,45

37,9

Siikajoki (Apu) (awns)

1590

88

10,36

36,4

Average of all grains in the field trial (no fertilizers)

2022

2166

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10,15

37,06

* Thousand grain weight

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Lenght of straws with and without awns

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  • In Vehmaa and Siikajoki are mostly with awns, the awnless straws were a little longer.

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  • In Lohja, an awnless population had much longer strows with awns (+10 cm) but also some very short club wheat looking like straws.

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  • In Kerimäkeläinen and Sarkalahti, both awnsless landrace the straws with awns where about the same length.

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Field trials of heritage oats & old sorts

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* Thousand grain weight

** LC = Landrace

Oats 2022

Yield, kg/ha

Length, cm

Protein %

TGW, g*

Kaurat 2022

Sato, kg/ha

Pituus, cm

Valk %

Tjp, g

Ylitornio mustakaura / LC**, black oat

1568

-

10,92

30,8

Savitaipale mustakaura / LC, black oat

2789

108

7,63

36,0

Simo mustakaura (1935) / LC, black oat

2644

120

8,15

35,5

Jokikylä valkokaura / LC, white

3436

96

10,33

31,6

Arrakoski sulkakaura Avena sativa var. contracta

2667

109

9,51

31,6

Valkoinen jättikaura / LC, White giant oat

2417

120

11,47

36,5

Tammi (1938) / LC

3262

101

10,84

32,6

Average of all grains in the field trial (no fertilizers)

2022

2544

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9,84

33,5

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Straw length per nod in some Finnish landrace oats, cm (N=9-11)

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Notes on straw color and root system

Straw color

Väri

Color

Savitaipale mustakaura

landrace black oat

kullankeltainen

golden yellow

Simo mustakaura (1935)

black oat

vaalea- vaaleankeltainen

light to light yellow

Jokikylä

vaaleankeltainen

light yellow

Tammi (1938)

vaaleankeltainen

light yellow

Arrakoski sulkakaura

Avena sativa var. contracta

vaaleankeltainen

light yellow

Valkoinen jättikaura

White gigant oat, landrace

vaalea

light

  • Savitaipale looks to have thinner roots
  • Simo have larger main roots than Savitaipale

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  • Nature, biomimicry -> nature works with low or cold energy systems and slow processes
  • A need for a change into use whole grain products and less processed food to decrease heart and blood vessel diseases.
  • A need for a change into a slow milling process, for ex. stone milling, not to heat up the flour and distroy vitamines
  • A need to change into a slow baking processes including soaking of grains and baking with sourdough in order to make phytine acids to break down and make minerals available for the digestion.
  • A need for growing heritage grains in order to get more proteins.
  • Do we also need a slower harvesting process?

Time & proteins

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(Museovirasto, 1944)

Drying & post maturing

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Name

Machinery harvested,

protein %*

After matured

in spike,

protein %**

Difference

%

Tested after harvest, days

Mustiala Tvengsberg

11,0

9,4

-1,6

493

Hermanni

9,9

14

+4,1

493

Polvijärven Matti

8,2

7,3

-0,9

493

Voima (sort)

9,3

12,7

+3,4

493

Aunus

10,5

9,7

-0,8

493

Nyby Niilo

8,8

9,4

+0,6

493

Myttäälän ruis

11,2

11,4

+0,2

493

* Investigated at Luke

** Tested by Grainsense at HAMK, N2, two measurements per landrace / sort

Pre test on rye harvested by machinery versus same rye storaged in spike.

Machinery harvesting took place 26.7.2021, harvesting of storaged spikes took place 30.11.2022. The spikes were not storaged air tight, but as plants in room temperature.

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Name

Machinery harvested,

protein %*

After matured

in spike,

protein %**

Difference

%

Tested after harvest, days

Sarkalahti

9,2

11,5

+2,3

96

Kerimäkeläinen

9,9

11,4

+1,5

96

Lohja

10,8

11,0

+0,2

96

Vehmaa

10,5

11,0

+0,5

96

Siikajoki

10,4

11,4

+1

96

* Tested by Grainsense at Luke

** Tested by Grainsense at HAMK / N3, three measurements by landrace

Pre test on heritage wheat harvested by machinery versus same wheat storaged in spike.

Machinery harvesting took place 26.8.2022, harvesting of storaged spikes took place 30.11.2022. The spikes were not storaged air tight, but as plants in room temperature.

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Coming later

  • Statistics about grains in spikes in different hertiage varieties and old sorts.
  • Statistics on the length difference between the flag leaf and spike

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