Special Education Categories Defined by IDEA
IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Act defines the 13 eligibility categories of special education. To qualify for special education the IEP (Individual Education Plan) team must determine that the student qualifies under one of the 13 categories.
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Special Education Eligibility Categories
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Autism
Definition:
A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal & nonverbal communication & social interaction.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) the term “spectrum” is used because disorders can range from mild to severe.
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Causes
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Prevalence:
Estimated 1 in 54 children per CDC’s Autism & Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM) & 11% per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Blindness/Visual Impairment (VI)
Definition:
An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversly affects a child’s educational performance.
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Causes
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Prevalence:
Estimated that visually impaired students under age 18 occur 12.2 per 1000 per the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities.
Hearing Impairment/Deafness
Definition:
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Causes
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Prevalence:
Estimated that hearing impaired students represent less than 1% of all students in special education per the National Center for Educational Statistics
Deaf-Blindness
Definition:
Simultanious hearing & visual impairments where the combination causes severe communication & other educational needs that cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for children with deafness or blindness alone.
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Causes
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Prevalence:
Estimated that deaf-blind students represent less than 1% of all students in special education per the U.S. Department of Education
Emotional Disturbance (ED)
Definition:
1. A condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time & to a marked degree that adversely affects educational performance.
2. Schizophrenia is included. The term does not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determned they have an emotional disturbance under Section 300.8 (c)(4)(i) of IDEA
Characteristics:
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Prevalence:
Estimated that ED students represent approximately 5% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Emotional Disturbance (ED) cont.
Causes:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
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Specific Learning Disability (SLD)
Definition:
A Disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, read, write, spell or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Causes can be due to genetic and/or neurobiological factors
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
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Prevalence:
Estimated that SLD students represent approximately 33% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Intellectual Disability (ID)
Definition:
Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior & manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a student’s educational performance. Causes can only be pinpointed 1/3 of the time & are mostly Genetic conditions.
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
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Prevalence:
Estimated that ID students represent approximately 6% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Multiple Disabilities (MD)
Definition:
Simultaneous impairments, (such as intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, or intelllectual disability-blindness) the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments. Multiple disabilities does not include deaf-blindness.
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
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Prevalence:
Estimated that MD students represent approximately 2% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Orthopedic Impairment(OI)
Definition:
Severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a student’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by disease ( polio, bone tuberculosis), congenital anomaly (club foot), & impairments from other causes (cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause permanent deformity/distortion)
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
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Prevalence:
Estimated that OI students represent approximately 1% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Speech & Language Disability(SLI)
Definition:
A communication disorder such a stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Characteristics:
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Prevalence:
Estimated that SLI students represent approximately 19% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Speech & Language Disability(SLI)cont.
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Assistive Technology for SLI
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Other Health Impairment(OHI)
Definition:
Having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment, that is due to chronic or acute health problems & adversely affects a child’s educational performance
Characteristics:
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Prevalence:
Estimated that OHI students represent approximately 15% of all students in special education per the National Center for Education Statistics.
Other Health Impairment(OHI)cont.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Causes
Characteristics:
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ADHD Prevalence:
More common in boys than girls; 8.4% of children suffer from ADHD per www.psychiatry.org ;
Average of 5-11% suffer from ADHD nation wide per the Centers for Disease Control.
Other Health Impairment(OHI)cont.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Accommodations for ADHD
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Definition:
Acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, of both, that adversely affects a student’s educational performance. TBI applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas. Such as: cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgement, problem-solving, sensory/perceptual/motor abilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, & speech
Characteristics:
Impact on Learning/Student Behaviors
Prevalence:
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About 180 per 100,000 children under age 15 experience TBIs & of that number 5-8% experience severe TBIs
www.projectidealonline.org/traumatic-brain-injury
Teaching Strategies for Any Subject
Modifications:
TEKS based lessons with modifications to curriculum to meet the Individual Education Plan criteria for each student.
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Teaching Strategies for Any Subject cont.
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Resources
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Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free:
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