Earthquake Scenarios and Tsunami

Content Standards

1

Earthquake Effects

The learners learn that the damage or effects on communities depend on the magnitude of and distance from an earthquake.

Learning Competencies

Earthquake-Tsunami Connection

Explain how earthquakes result in tsunamis that devastate shoreline communities

Learning Objectives:

1

Seismic Waves

-Identify the different types of seismic waves

2

Tsunami Formation

-Explain how earthquakes result in tsunamis

3

Coastal Impact

-Realize how tsunamis devastate shoreline communities

Short Review: Picture Puzzle

The learners will complete the puzzle and answer the questions that follow to review the past lesson.

Processing Questions:

1

Earthquake Causes

-What causes earthquakes?

2

Magnitude Effects

-How does the magnitude of the earthquake affect the damage that it causes in the community?

3

Underwater Earthquakes

-What happens if the earthquake is generated underwater?

Lesson Purpose: Understanding Tsunami Generation

Discussion Questions After Video

1

Reaction

-What is your reaction about the video?

2

Tsunami Generation

-Based on the video, how are tsunamis generated?

3

Potential Damage

-What are the possible damages brought by a tsunami?

Underwater Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Underwater Earthquake

Occurs along subduction zones

Water Displacement

Large volumes of water are displaced

Tsunami Formation

Resulting in the formation of a tsunami

Unlocking Content Vocabulary

Decode the mystery word. The learners will decode the mystery word by altering the numerical value with the vowels assigned to them.

Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Answers

TSUNAMI. is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction whenthey crash ashore.

BODY WAVES. These are body waves, which move into the Earth's core at a greater frequency than surface waves. Body waves are classified as primary (P) or secondary (S) waves.

SURFACE WAVES. Surface waves are similar to transverse waves, except they flow over the Earth's surface-air boundary, or through the crust.

Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Answers

RUN-UP. Refers to the large amount of water that a tsunami pushes onto the shore above the regular sea level.

INUNDATION. is the result of a tsunami traveling a long distance inland and is a horizontal measurement of the path of the tsunami. Flooding can occur for up to 300 meters or more covering the area with debris.

Understanding Earthquakes

Definition

An earthquake is a violent shaking of earth's surface due to sudden release of large amount of energy that has accumulated over a long time inside the earth.

Causes

Naturally: 90%,

Manmade: 10%

Wave Propagation Analogy

Water Ripple Example

Series of waves are produced on the surface of water, these waves spread out in all directions from the point where the stone strikes the water.

Key Terms Related to Earthquakes

1

Focus

2

Epicenter

3

Focal Depth

4

Epicentral Distance

Causes of Earthquakes

Surface causes

Volcanic causes

Tectonic causes

Surface Causes - Dynamic Agencies Operation

Machinery

Nuclear test

Mining blast

Locomotives

Volcanic Causes of Earthquakes

-Pressure from Magma

-Pressure exerted by movement of hot molten lava.

Tectonic Causes of Earthquakes

1

Rock Mass Movement

Relative movement of rock masses

2

Fault Line Formation

Development of new fault line

Impact of Earthquakes

Loss of life and property

Damage to transport system

Structural damage to buildings

Tsunami

Water pipes, sewers are disrupted

Communications such as telephone wires are damaged

Economic activities like agriculture, industry, trade and transport are severely affected

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Earth's Structure

The outer most layer of earth's surface consists of major tectonic plates.

Plate Composition

These plates comprise of outer crust, some portion of mantle floating on hot molten outer core

Earthquake Occurrence

Earthquakes occur due to inter plate actions

Movement of plates in different directions at different speed

Types of Inter Plate Actions

There are 3 Types of Inter plate actions

Activity: Earthquake Exploration!

Objective:

Students will understand key concepts about earthquakes, their causes, and their impact in a fun and interactive way.

Part 1: Terms Related to Earthquakes (Matching Game!)

1

Write the following terms on the board:

-Epicenter

-Focus (Hypocenter)

-Seismic Waves

-Magnitude

-Intensity

-Tsunami

-Aftershocks

-Fault Line

Part 1: Terms Related to Earthquakes (Matching Game!)

2.Provide simple definitions and let students match the term with its correct meaning.

Part 2: Causes of Earthquakes (Discussion & Sorting Activity)

Instructions:

1. Explain that earthquakes happen due to different causes:

-Surface Causes (Dynamic Agencies Operation): Mining, construction, explosions

-Volcanic Causes: Movement of magma, volcanic eruptions

-Tectonic Causes: Movement of Earth's plates along fault lines

Part 2: Causes of Earthquakes (Discussion & Sorting Activity)

Instructions:

2. Give students three category labels (Surface, Volcanic, Tectonic).

3. Provide example scenarios (e.g., "Magma rising inside a volcano," "A large explosion from a mine," "Two tectonic plates colliding") and ask students to sort them into the correct category.

Part 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics (Interactive Model!)

1. Show students a world map with tectonic plate boundaries

Part 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics (Interactive Model!)

2.Use a simple hands-on activity:

· Take a sheet of paper and gently push the sides together to show how plates move.

· Use puzzle pieces or cut-out shapes to represent different plates and their movements (divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries).

Part 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics (Interactive Model!)

3. Explain how plate movements cause earthquakes.

Part 4: Impact of Earthquakes (Think-Pair-Share)

1. Ask students: "What do you think happens when an earthquake strikes?"

2. Have them discuss in pairs and list the possible impacts (e.g., building collapse, tsunamis, landslides, loss of life).

3.Let each pair share their answers with the class.

Worksheet

Synthesis: What You Have Learned

In a one sheet of paper write something you understand about the lesson we discussed today.

Direction:

Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

1. Which of the following is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake’s origin?

A. Focus�B. Epicenter�C. Fault�D. Seismic wave

2. What do we call the place underground where an earthquake starts?

A. Epicenter�B. Seismic zone�C. Focus (Hypocenter)�D. Fault line

3. Which type of earthquake is caused by human activities such as mining and explosions?

A. Volcanic earthquake�B. Surface earthquake�C. Tectonic earthquake�D. Artificial earthquake

4. What causes a tectonic earthquake?

A. Movement of magma inside a volcano�B. Sudden movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates�C. Construction activities on the surface�D. Large ocean waves crashing onto the shore

5. How do volcanic eruptions cause earthquakes?

A. The gases inside the volcano push against the rocks.�B. Magma movement inside the volcano shakes the ground.�C. Volcanoes erupt and release earthquakes into the sky.�D. The wind from eruptions moves the Earth’s surface.

Quiz Answers

1

Answer: B. Epicenter

2

Answer: C. Focus (Hypocenter)

3

Answer: B. Surface earthquake

4

Answer: B. Sudden movement of the Earth's tectonic plates

5

Answer: B. Magma movement inside the volcano shakes the ground.

Thank You!