Prefix
Definition:
A prefix is a letter or group of letters at the beginning of a word that explain or change the meaning of a word.
We will learn that...
Knowledge students need to understand is:
Root Word
What are the root words for these? Put a line where the root word is.
Try these games
Common Prefixes
Prefixes meaning /not / a lack of / the reverse of/ :
Prefix | When you use it | Examples |
in un | * By far the most common prefix. * Added to many words to show a lack of | un+wanted un+founded un+just un+known un+expected un+selfish in+secure in+human in+credible in+experience in+direct in+frequent |
ir | *Usually used before /r/ * /r/ before /r/ *A few words that start with /r/ also use /un/ | ir+relevant ir+regular ir+responsible un+reliable un+real un+responsive |
il | * il is usually used before /l/ * /l/ before /l// | il+logical il+legal il+legible il+literate |
im | * Is usually used before /m/ or /p/ *A few words that begin with /m/ or /p/ also start with /un/ | im+measurable im+movable im+mobile im+partial im+passive im+pure im+patient un+manageable un+manned un+moving un+pleasant un+paid un+professional |
de | *Used to mean down, off, away | de+stabilise de+compose de+generate |
dis / dys | | dis+respect dis+appear dis+connect dys+function dys+lexia dys+praxia |
non | * Some words add /non/ to the root word *Many other words use a hyphen between the root word and the prefix /non/ | non+sense non+descript non+entity non-event non-smoking non-violence |
Common Continued
2) Prefixes meaning /again/ or /repeat/
Prefix | When you use it | Examples |
re | * Another very common prefix. * Added to many words to show repetition * Some words that begin with /re/ have a hyphen between the root word and the prefix to make the meaning very clear | re+invent re+vise re+generate re+peat re+peal re+vive re-send re-create re-source re-sort |
10 Common Prefixes
Can you name them and give one example. Flick back for them to have another look.
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Guess the Prefix
5. dependent
6. ----- cycle
7. ----legal
8. ----complete
9. ------ day
10. ---place
11. -------sport
Prefix Meaning Match
ex | export | | A. again |
bi | bicycle | | B. not |
pre | preschool | | c. after |
mis | misspelling | | d. out or away from |
un | unhappy | | e. two |
ped | pedal | | f. wrong |
tri | triangle | | g. before |
re | rebutton | | h.across |
trans | transport | | i. three |
post | postdate | | j. foot |
Answers
ex | export | D | A. again |
bi | bicycle | E | B. not |
pre | preschool | G | C. after |
mis | misspelling | F | D. out or away from |
un | unhappy | B | E. two |
ped | pedal | J | F. wrong |
tri | triangle | I | G. before |
re | rebutton | A | H.across |
trans | transport | H | I. three |
post | postdate | C | J. foot |
Suffix
Definition:
A suffix are groups of letters attached to the ends of a word. It can often extend a word and change its meaning.
We will learn that….
Knowledge students need to understand is:
Common Suffixes ‘ing’ ‘ed’
….ing This is an easy sound but it only stresses the ‘ng’ which helps us then spell sang, song, sing, sung.
…..
Common Suffixes
….ing
This is an easy sound but it only stresses the ‘ng’ which helps us then spell sang, song, sing, sung.
Add ing to these words
jump
catch
run
like
Did you get caught out with like and run? Did you notice the rule when adding ‘ing drop the e. Well done if you did. What about the run?
Double Consonant Rules
When to double a consonant before adding -ed and -ing to a verb
We double the final letter when a one-syllable verb ends in
consonant + vowel + consonant *
stop stopping stopped
rob robbing robbed
sit sitting
We double the final letter when a word has more than one syllable, and when the final syllable is stressed in speech.
beGIN beginning
preFER preferring preferred
If the final syllable is not stressed, we do not double the final letter.
LISten listening, listened
HAPpen happening, happen
Adding ...’ed’
Adding ‘ed’ is not straightforward because it can represent three sounds. Usually it is used to indicate a past tense (something that has already happened).
banged sounds like ‘d’
helped sounds like ‘t’
ended sounds like ‘id’
Rule: If you write a word showing that something has already happened and you hear these sounds you usually need to write ‘ed’.
Adding ‘ed’
Put ‘ed’ on these words
Can you add ‘ed’ to these words
talk | play | shop | stop |
eat | make | sleep | speak |
Useful Suffixes
Suffix | Meaning | Example |
ful | having, marked by | beautiful, sorrowful |
y | characterised by | lucky, funny |
er | comparative | brighter, wider, smaller |
est | superlative (the most) | brightest, widest,smallest |
er/or | person who does something | teacher, actor |
en | to cause to become | fatten, moisten,widen |
ing | indicates present tense | running, farming, growing |
More Useful Suffixes
Suffix | Meanings | Example |
ed | indicates past tense | attained, maintained |
ly | in the manner of | slowly, fluently, partly |
tion/sion | state of being | transition, investigation, occasion, tension |
able/ible | capable of being | adaptable, edible, incredible,solvable |
ment | condition of | enjoyment, contentment |
ness | state of being | Happiness, kindness,ugliness |
less | without | helpless, homeless, tasteless |
s es | more than one | dogs, buses |
Suffixes meaning a state of, condition of or quality of..
They indicate a noun with a meaning and the most common ones are:
Fill in the box with words you can think of.
tion | sion | ment | ness |
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Just remember the rule if the root word ends in y drop it and add i before the suffix is added. Next 3 slides skip for more advanced lesson.
Extra Rules with suffixes
Suffixes beginning with a vowel
Often a vowel sound before a suffix changes when the suffix is added.
proceed = e being long sound ee therefore procedure has one e. You need to take one e out because it is at the end of the open syllable. pro/ceed
If the vowel changes from a long vowel sound to a short vowel sound, the spelling changes to reflect this.
clear + ity = clarity
recurrence = re/curr/ence last consonant has to be doubled. Red is our stressed syllable.
Refresh
1. If the word ends with a consonant, just add the suffix
perform + ance performance , eletric+ ity electricity
2. If the word ends in y , change the y to i and add the suffix.
Defy + ance = defiance
3. If the word ends with a final e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel.
close + ure/ =closure Literate + ure = literature
Words ending tion, sion, or ssion
confuse | fuse | infuse | transfuse | exclude | exude | collude |
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explode | extend | collide | decide | revise |
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What do you think you might have to do?
Add a suffix
1.care_____
2. hard_____
3. treat _____
4. soft ____
5. amaze_____
6. dry_____
7. joy_____
8. move_____
9. sad_____
10. hope_____
Match the Suffix and Root
Root | Prefix | Word |
happy | able | |
diction | ness | |
help | y | |
comfort | ful | |
life | ment | |
victor | ary | |
expense | ive | |
base | like | |
Suffix Meaning Match
less | hopless | A. female | |
able | comfortable | B. full of | |
er | teacher | C. same as or similar | |
ward | backward | D. in the direction | |
ess | actress | E. most | |
full | colourful | F. able to | |
est | fastest | G. sound | |
like | childlike | H. without | |
onym | synonym | I. person who | |
phone | telephone | J. word or name | |
Harder: What is the Meaning
(use a dictionary to help) | suffix | meaning |
microphone | phone | sound |
geometry | | |
autograph | | |
democracy | | |
antonym | | |
goddess | | |
biology | | |
telescope | | |
Extra for Experts
Suffixes can be grouped to nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs.
Work out what these are:
| Suffix | Verb,Adverb,Adjective, or noun |
magician | | |
participate | | |
lovely | | |
pleasant | | |
teacher | | |
compassionate | | |
fluently | | |
organise | | |
politician | | |
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
Comparative means more and superlative means most.
wide wider widest
thin
sad
thick
happy
slow
great