POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA�

MD ALFARUQUE SK

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

NAGAR COLLEGE

NAGAR, MURSHIDABAD

PH. NO. 9735530065

Email: faruque.sk@gmail.com

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INTRODUCTION

• The term “Women-Empowerment” defines a process that helps women in gaining control over their own lives. It is multidimensional; i.e. social, political, economic and psychological perspectives all are included

Objectives of the Study�

• 1. To know the constitutional provisions and political participation of women in India.

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• 2. To promote women interests to enjoy their right in national and regional decision making process.

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Research Methodology�

• The secondary source only.

Constitutional Provisions for Empowering Women in India�

1. To secure social, economic and political justice, liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, equality of status and of opportunity (Preamble of the Constitution).�

2. Equality before law and equal protection of law.� (Article14)�

3. The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth or any of them (Article 15 (1)).�

4. Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children (Article 15(3)).

5. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article16).�

6. Right to freedom (Article19-22).�

7. All the persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion (Article 25)�

8. Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26).�

9. To promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by justice—social, economic and political –and to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Article38) �

10. To secure: �a) the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens. �d) equal pay for equal work for men and women (Article 39)�

11. Provisions to be made by the state for securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief (Article 42).�

12. To secure to all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country (Article 44).�

13. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste and sex (Article 325).�

14. Election to the House of People and the Legislative Assemblies of state to be on the basis of adult suffrage (Article 326).�

15. Reservation of not less than one-third of total seat for women in direct election to local bodies, viz. Panchayats and Municipalities (Articles 343(D) and 343(T)).

Women’s Political Empowerment�

����VOTING�Table No. 1�Women Participation in General Election (Lok Sabha)��

�Elected Women Candidates�Table No. 2�Percentage of Elected Women Candidates in Lok Sabha Election�

��Table No. 3�Number of women in Rajya Sabha and their percentage�

���Political Parties�Table No. 4�Status of National and State Political Parties and the representation given by them to women candidates.�

• NP-National Parties, SP- State Parties, IN- Independents

Political Activism: �

• Bharat Stree Mahamandal, (earliest women’s organizations,1910).
• All India Women’s Conference (AIWC). The AIWC has over 100000 members and 500 branches in India.
• The Chipko movements.
• Women’s movements have focused on rape, female mortality rates, female foeticide, dowry deaths, sati, and domestic abuse.

Obstacles to Political Empowerment of Women�

Political Apathy�

Sexual Violence�

Discriminations

Illiteracy

Overcoming Barriers to Political Empowerment of women

Women Education

Training

Voice Against Gender Inequality

Create Safe workplaces

Avoid Normalcy Bias

Part-Time Job Opportunities

Advantaging Government Scheme

Don’t Seclude

Support And cooperation

Consciousness

Sharing Family Responsibility

Realization of Political Parties

Political Freedom

Collective Action

Women’s Forum

Encourage Journalists

Conclusion

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• Women empowerment and gender equality in India is an alarming issue.
• Even today, the participation of women in politics is very low.
• Jawaharlal Nehru’s speech-“If you educate a man you educate an individual, however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family. Women empowered means mother India empowered.”

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THANKYOU