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World War I�“The Great War”�1914-1918

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Causes

  • MANIA

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M.A.N.I.A.

  • M = Militarism (increase in the military)
  • A = Alliances (joining together for common interest)
  • N = Nationalism (identifying as a nation)
  • I = Imperialism (domination of one country over another)
  • A = Assassination (the assassination of an Archduke)

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Entangling Alliances

  • Initial Dispute: Serbia & A-H
    • Russia supports Serbia
    • Germany supports A-H
    • France supports Russia
    • Germany’s Schlieffen Plan violates Belgium which pulls in GB

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  • Triple Alliance
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Austria-Hungary
  • Will become the Central Powers
  • Triple Entente
    • France
    • Great Britain
    • Russia
    • Will become the Allies

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Total War

  • Gov’t took control of economies (factories)
  • Rationing on the home front
  • Women joined the work force🡪 leads to women's suffrage
  • Higher Employment
  • Propaganda

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Both: Massive Casualties & Destruction

Western Front

  • Trench Warfare
  • Small land gains
  • Germany, GB & France
  • Stalemate

Eastern Front

  • No Trenches
  • Large land gains
  • Germany, A-H, Turks vs Russia & Serbs

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3 Major Events

  • US Joins the Allies 1917
    • German Submarine Warfare sings the Lusitania
    • Zimmerman Telegram
  • Russian Revolution 1918 –
    • Promising Peace, Bread & Land Lenin signs the Treat y of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany which gives up land to Germany & gets Russia out of the war

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Wilson’s 14 Points

  • Proposed Peace Plan
  • End secret treaties
  • Freedom of the seas
  • Free trade
  • Reduce military
  • Be fair to colonial people
  • Suggestions for creating new nations w/ self-determination
  • Nations need to come together to protect each other (would become the League of Nations)

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Treaty of Versailles

  • Signed Agreement
  • League of Nations
    • No Germany or Russia
  • Germany loses territory including all of its overseas colonies
  • Germany must decrease military
  • War Guilt clause
    • Sole responsibility for WWI
    • Reparation payments $33 Billion over 30 yrs

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Effects of WWI

  • Generation of Europeans killed or wounded
  • Dynasties fall
    • A-H, Germany (Hohezollern family), Russia (Romanovs)
  • New Countries Created
  • League of Nations created to promote Peace
  • Long-Term Effects
    • Some nations feel betrayed & resentful w/ outcome
    • Nationalism & Competition remain