1 of 53

Navigating Grief and Loss in the School Setting

A response to COVID-19

Supports for School Counselors

2 of 53

GUIDE for Life

SEL is for all of us.

3 of 53

The shift in our emotions

41% reported feeling CALM prior to March 2020

54% reported feeling ANXIOUS in April 2020

4 of 53

The second wave

  • About 11 percent of people have minimal impairment or mental health issues.

  • About 50 percent had moderate levels of emotional and psychological distress.

  • About 21 percent have significant distress.

  • About 18 percent develop a psychological illness.

5 of 53

Surge Capacity

Once we’ve reached surge capacity we need to recover.

Right now we all need to recover.

6 of 53

The Problem of Ambiguous Loss

Ambiguous loss = “any loss that’s unclear and lacks a resolution”

7 of 53

4 Types of Grief

Ambiguous grief “free-floating … the pervasive sense that we’ve lost so much.”

Acute grief “That could be not being able to pay rent or a partner getting furloughed.”

Anticipatory grief “What will school be like? How many hours will I be expected to be in a Zoom classroom? How will I manage distance learning with my own children? Will I get in trouble or lose my job if kids don’t show up?”

Moral outrage grief a sadness for what’s happening in the country and the world right now.”

8 of 53

Distinguishing between Grief and Depression or Anxiety……

Where do my current emotions land on the mood meter?

What can they tell me?

Or what are they telling me?

At what point do we know it is more than a form of grief related to COVID and we need to do something more?

9 of 53

10 of 53

Infographic by Molly Bruggeman, Sanford Health

11 of 53

12 of 53

13 of 53

14 of 53

Grief 101

It may seem strange but it is important that we consider grief as it relates to COVID-19.

15 of 53

Brief Facts and Tips from NASP

Grief is not solely related to the death of a loved one

The symptoms, characteristics, and process of grieving can be similar after other types of loss (e.g., divorce, transition, moving).

16 of 53

Grief is personal

There is no right or wrong way to grieve.

How people grieve can be influenced by developmental level, cultural traditions, religious beliefs, mental health, disabilities, family, personal characteristics, and previous experiences.

17 of 53

Preschool – Developmental Response to Grief

  • Regressive behaviors
  • Decreased verbalization
  • Increased anxiety

18 of 53

How to help the preschooler

  • Simple, honest answers
  • Patience with repetitive questions
  • View the regressive behaviors as an opportunity to reassure and reiterate their safety
  • Play together and let them tell their story in their language

19 of 53

Elementary – Developmental Response to Grief

  • Decreased academic performance
  • Decreased attention/concentration
  • Attendance issues
  • Irritability
  • Aggression
  • Disruptive behaviors
  • Somatic complaints (belly aches, headaches)
  • Sleep/eating disturbances
  • Social withdrawal
  • Guilt, depression, and anxiety
  • Repeated re-telling of the event (verbally, physically, in art, etc)

20 of 53

How to help the elementary child

  • Clear, accurate answers
  • Outlets for expression (art, journal, sports, music, etc)
  • Give them choices whenever possible
  • Assign a student to work with them as a buddy
  • A safe space or cool down corner

21 of 53

Middle & High School – Developmental Responses to Grief

  • Decreased academic performance
  • Decreased attention/concentration
  • Attendance issues
  • Avoidance
  • Withdrawal
  • High risk behaviors or substance abuse
  • Difficulty with peer relations
  • Nightmares
  • Flashbacks
  • Emotional numbing or depression

22 of 53

How to help the middle & high school student

  • Expect mood swings
  • Provide a supportive environment where they can safely share
  • Allow for choices concerning whom and how they get support
  • Structure & flexibility
  • Model appropriate responses and show your own grief

23 of 53

Grieving does not have a timeline

Schools should be aware of anniversaries, birthdays, developmental milestones, and other factors that could affect students months or years after the loss.

24 of 53

Grieving involves meeting specific milestones

Individuals are likely to experience (and often re-experience) some or all of the following adjustments/responses:

Accepting the death

Experiencing the feelings and emotional pain associated with death and separation from the deceased

Adjusting to changes and an altered environment that no longer includes the deceased

Finding ways to remember and memorialize the deceased

25 of 53

Grieving is a normal response to loss, but may require some support

Additional assistance should be provided when the following are noted:

Marked loss of interest in daily activities

Changes in eating and sleeping habits

Wishing to be with the deceased loved one

Fear of being alone

Significant decreases in academic performance and achievement

Increased somatic complaint

Changes in attendance patterns (e.g., chronic absenteeism)

This is when

we need to consider

clinical depression or anxiety

26 of 53

New Community Resource Portal

https://adedata.arkansas.gov/scr

27 of 53

Things to do

    • Maintain routines as normally as possible
    • Ask questions to ascertain the youth’s understanding of the event and emotional state
    • Give the youth permission to grieve
    • Provide age and developmentally-appropriate answers
    • Connect the bereaved with helping professionals and other trusted mentors and adults
    • Encourage students to adopt adaptive coping strategies, particularly ones that will involve interaction with other students (e.g., sports, clubs)
    • Educate teachers and families about what is healthy grief and how to support the student

28 of 53

Things to avoid

    • Euphemisms when referring to the deceased such as “they are sleeping,” or “they went away”
    • Minimizing statements such as “it was only your great-grandmother, (or dog, neighbor, etc.)”
    • Predicting a timeframe to complete the grieving process such as, “it has been a month, you should be getting over this,” or “the pain will fade soon”
    • Over-identifying, (e.g., “I know how you feel”)
    • Too much self-disclosure (e.g., I lost my mom to cancer) as not everyone handles self-disclosure the same way and the focus should remain on the student’s grief

29 of 53

How to Help a Grieving Friend

DO

Check in on them

Understand the grieving process

Listen more, talk less

Let them cry

Ask questions

Offer practical help

Be willing to sit in silence

Remember important dates

DON’T

Don’t be afraid to talk about the deceased person

Don’t try to fix them

Don’t diminish their grief

Don’t draw comparisons to your experience

Don’t comment on their appearance

Don’t push your faith on them

Avoid platitudes

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/grief/related/how-to-help-a-grieving-friend/

30 of 53

31 of 53

Let’s Practice Communicating empathy

Speaker:

Name one thing that is difficult for you or causing you stress this week.

Listener(s):

Ask a positive question. (ONLY what, where, when, or how?)

Listen.

Make one empathy statement. (Reflect back their emotion.)

Its sound like . . .

That must be . . .

You look like . . .

Listen.

Check to make sure you reflected correctly.

32 of 53

Healthy Ways to Grieve

33 of 53

Listen for GUIDE skills…

34 of 53

The story I’m telling myself…..

Our brains like stories with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

In fact, when we hear those kinds of stories our brains release cortisol and oxytocin and, if it’s a happy ending, dopamine.

When we don’t know part of the story, our brain makes it up.

It doesn’t care if it’s correct, just that it’s complete.

35 of 53

Story changes us

  • Allow children to play, perform, write, sing, (etc) out their story.
  • Allow grown ups space to do this too.

Work to help them frame and fill in story parts in ways that help them to move forward.

36 of 53

A New Story

  • Can we tell a new story? With a new lens or focus?

37 of 53

Resiliency isn’t a trait – it’s a skill

What builds resiliency?

    • Connections & social supports – safety
    • Hope & optimism
    • Meaning making
    • Self-care

38 of 53

39 of 53

Your Wellbeing

Self-care is not selfish

40 of 53

Self-Compassion

41 of 53

Self-Compassion Break

    • This Is A Moment Of Suffering
      • This hurts.

    • Suffering Is A Part Of Life
      • I’m not alone.

      • We all struggle in our lives.

    • May I Be Kind To Myself?
      • May I give myself the compassion I need?

      • May I forgive myself?

      • May I be strong?

42 of 53

The Upside of Stress Kelly McGonigal

Stress is harmful,

except when it’s not.

43 of 53

Stress increases the risk of health problems,

except when people regularly give back

to their communities.

44 of 53

Stress increases the risk of dying,

except when people have a sense of purpose.

45 of 53

Stress increases the risk of depression,

except when people perceive themselves as capable.

46 of 53

Stress is debilitating,

except when it helps you to perform.

47 of 53

Stress makes people selfish,

except them it makes them altruistic.

48 of 53

For every harmful outcome you can think of, there’s an exception

that erases the expected association between stress and

something bad

and often replaces it with an unexpected benefit.

49 of 53

Do I believe I have the capacity to transform stress into something good?

50 of 53

The science tells us that stress is most likely harmful when 3 things are true:

1. You feel inadequate to it;

2. It isolates you from others; and

3. It feels utterly meaningless and against your will.

51 of 53

Self-doubt is replaced by confidence

fear becomes courage

isolation turns into connection

suffering gives rise to meaning

All without getting rid of the stress.

52 of 53

Questions for you

  • Do you have a sense of purpose?

  • Are you connected in social ways?

  • Do you perceive yourself as capable?

53 of 53

What more do you need?

    • Information?
    • Curriculum?
    • Coaching?
    • Community?

Thank you for all

you do!