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George Percivall

Spatial Web Foundation (SWF)

30 October 2025

Introduction to Spatial Web

as relevant to OGC

^{The 133rd OGC Member Meeting, Boulder, Colorado USA}

Meeting Sponsor

Meeting Host

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Agenda

Spatial Web overview
IEEE 2874-2025 Spatial Web Standard

Stakeholders and applications
Conceptual model: HSML
Distributed computing protocol: HSTP

Comparison with OGC Connected Systems

General theme: Design an ecosystem of Agents that utilize Connected Systems.

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Spatial Web: An Interoperable “World Model”

Software + Robotic & IoT systems = Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
AI + CPS = Autonomous Intelligent Systems (AIS) - Agents

“The Spatial Web is a shared world model for AI agents, robots and people to have a common understanding of the universe”

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SPATIAL WEB BUILDS ON WWW

HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTS

CYBER-PHYSICAL ENTITIES

PRIMARY OBJECTS

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Spatial Web Grounding for AI Agents

Entering

Owner

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Spatial Web on Gartner Radar

“Spatial AI” landscape:

HSML is a trend on its own;
HSTP in Spatial Web Protocols;
UDG in Spatial Web Systems

Recommended Action:

Experiment with HSML now

Gartner analysis based on �IEEE 2874-2025 Spatial Web

Gartner: October 2025

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IEEE 2874-2025 Spatial Web �Protocol, Architecture and Governance

Standard approved by IEEE, May 2025

IEEE SA/SWF partnership: “Public Imperative”

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Application Scenarios

Scenarios written at a level that can be demonstrated for general interest.
Each Scenario includes a diagram showing the sequence of events

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Spatial Web conceptual view

HSML encodes entities and properties of Spatial Web Ontology

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Embedding geographic space in hyperspace

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Spatial Web Domains

Domain Type	Description
Geographic	Implicitly or explicitly associated with a location
Concept	abstract ideas shared by a community
Organization	Pertaining to membership within an entity
Agent	Individual domains with active states and agency
Person	Type of agent with self-sovereign identity
Thing	Bounded items without agency

Universal Domain Graph

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HyperGeography

Spatial Embedding (tech behind LLMs)

Hyperdimensional Computing (Kanerva, 2009)
Word2Vec extended to World2Vec (LeCunn)
Analogy calculation: Russia:Moscow::USA:?
Universal Geometry of Embeddings (Jha, 2025)

Hyperworlds

Hyperspace Reference Systems (HRSs)
Features in Hyperspace
1st law of hypergeography

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Spatial Web Agent

AGENT is an ENTITY that senses, responds, and maintains a model of its environment, while performing ACTIVITIES to achieve its goals.

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Agent-Contract-Activity relationships

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Spatial Web Agent Types

Agent Type	Agent Functions (cumulative going up)
Social �Agent	Joint goals with other agents Joint planning; Coordinating roles during activities Awareness of rational and moral norms; Mediation between agents Shared world models; Care
Rational Agent	Causal models: plan for future goals, causal learning Assess value of additional information, prior to decision Reflective executive tier; Controller selection Attribute mental states to other agents
Intentional Agent	Models beliefs, goals, intentions (what it's committed to doing). Utility based planning and decision-making Curiosity; Vicarious, trial and error: OODA loop Monitoring uncertainty in decisions: inhibition, cognitive flexibility
Goal-Directed Agent	Sense and actuate the environment; Memory Model creation and update; Goal recognition Feedback control based on model and goals

Environment, including other Agents

Goal-Based Agent

Intentional Agent

Rational Agent

Social Agent

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Active Inference-based Agents

Have human-like introspection capabilities
Operate on world models or digital twins
Understand causal relationships
Which enables continuous learning, adaptation, explainability and transparency
This will enable Agents to become truly autonomic, seeking equilibrium within ecosystems

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HSML Modeling Guidelines

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Distributed Computing Viewpoint

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HSTP

Secure, verifiable protocol for communicating HSML

Ensuring seamless interoperability between diverse AI and Digital Twin systems.
HSTP Operations based on Actor Paradigm

Incorporates W3C DID for identity

SW Domain Registry and Registration Authority

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SPATIAL WEB

Watch Video

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Spatial Web Components

HSML - Hyperspace Modeling Language

A common data model that enables adaptive intelligence at scale
A standard that articulates the types of relationships which can exist between any base elements and their purpose

HSTP - Hyperspace Transaction Protocol

Multi-dimensional range query and contracting protocol (rules and permissions)
Governs interactions between parties to ensure privacy and security

Contract

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Examples of using HSML to achieve cross platform interoperability between Unity and Unreal

Real time physics modeling using HSML

Collaboration

Projects

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JPL & SWF Lunar Cross Platform Interoperable Digital Twins

Dr Ed Chow’s team demonstrated real-time joint testing of a lander model at CSUN and a rover DT model at JPL on distributed NVIDIA Omniverse platforms via standard-based spatial web protocols (HSML & HSTP).
Cross-platform collaborations between Omniverse and Unity platforms were demonstrated.
Showcased IP protection by executing a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model remotely at JPL while testing the model at CSUN.
Dr Ed Chow will be presenting latest demo next Thursday.

IEEE Aerospace Conference Paper

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OGC Connected Systems opportunities �to align with Spatial Web

Common pattern of sensors actuators
Common use of semantic standards
Common domain scenarios

Supply chain logistics, UAS/UAV, Energy & Utilities, Smart City

By comparing OGC Connected Systems with IEEE 2874-2025 Spatial Web, its clear there are opportunities to align

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OGC Standards relevant to Spatial Web

OGC Connected Systems

Coordinated with

Observations, Measurements and Samples (OMS)
Sensor Network Ontology (SOSA/SSN)
SensorThings API (STA)
OGC API - *

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Agent with Sensors and Actuators

OGC Feature is SW Domain

OGC datastream and control stream feed Agent

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Smart City energy management

Spatial Web Urban Digital Twin

Focus on Smart city energy.
Using

urban energy system modeling
multi-scale cognitive computing

benefit next generation cities and the globe.

OGC Connected Systems, Smart Cities

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THANK YOU