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part 1—social updates

part 2—p2p networking

2 of 26

key goals

potato

friendly

3 of 26

key goals

potato

friendly

simple and

pragmatic

  1. reuse libp2p
  2. pre-quantum security
  3. some non-potato nodes
  4. recursive aggregation
  5. no Orbit

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simplification #1—reuse libp2p

reuse

beacon p2p

discv5

gossipsub

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simplification #1—reuse libp2p

gossipsub 2.0

generalised

gossipsub

reuse

beacon p2p

discv5

gossipsub

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simplification #2—pre-quantum security

ephemeral

low value

offchain

pre-quantum

p2p keys

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simplification #3—non-potato nodes

≥1/8 aggregators

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simplification #3—non-potato nodes

≥1/8 aggregators

all home internet

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simplification #3—non-potato nodes

client

defaults on

≥1/8 aggregators

at runtime benchmark

all home internet

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simplification #4—recursive aggregation

censorship-proof

aggregation

local greedy

aggregation

collaborative

aggregation

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simplification #5—no Orbit

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simplification #5—no Orbit

1M

8K

goal

poc

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simplification #5—no Orbit

1M

32K

8K

genesis

goal

poc

64x in 6 years

Nielsen2

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simplification #5—no Orbit

1M

512K

128K

32K

8K

genesis

goal

poc

quadratic scaling

4x every 2 years

64x in 6 years

Nielsen2

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

...

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

1,024

signatures

...

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

local

aggregates #1

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

local

aggregates #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

local

aggregates #1

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

local

aggregates #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

~128 local

aggregators

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

local

aggregates #1

global

aggregates

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

local

aggregates #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

21 of 26

strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

local

aggregates #1

global

aggregates

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

local

aggregates #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

~128 global

aggregators

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strawman—two-level aggregation

subnet #8

subnet #1

signature

gossip #1

local

aggregates #1

1 proposed

aggregate

global

aggregates

1,024

signatures

...

signature

gossip #8

local

aggregates #8

1,024

signatures

1,024

attesters

1,024

attesters

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strawman—bitfield-first subnets

I_HAVE

signature_bitfield

aggregate_bitfield

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strawman—bitfield-first subnets

List[signatures]

I_HAVE

signature_bitfield

aggregate_bitfield

I_WANT_SIGNATURES

signature_bitfield

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strawman—bitfield-first subnets

List[signatures]

I_HAVE

signature_bitfield

aggregate_bitfield

I_WANT_SIGNATURES

signature_bitfield

I_WANT_AGGREGATE

aggregate_bitfield

aggregate

26 of 26

updated mindmap

networking

accelerationism

strawman

gossipsub 1.2

(gossip)

libp2p/specs

alternatives

discv5.1

(discovery)

specs

two-layer

aggregation

[in progress]

alternative gossip

gossipsub

2.0

TODO

generalised gossipsub

libp2p/specs/pull

grid

topology

hackmd/@kamilsa

set

reconciliation

paper

libp2p implementations

C++ libp2p

by Quadrivium

libp2p/cpp-libp2p

C libp2p

by Pier Two

Pier-Two/libp2p-c

Zig libp2p

by Zeneth

zen-eth/zig-libp2p

pq cryptography

accelerationism

strawman

Winternitz-based

XMSS

eprint/2025/055

Poseidon cryptanalysis

website

OpenVM benchmarking

hash-sig-agg

WHIR

(small pqSNARKs)

eprint/2024/1586

alternatives

LaBRADOR

(lattice-based sigs)

eprint/2022/1341

Poseidon2

(Poseidon variant)

eprint/2023/323

Winternitz-XMSS

optimisations

[in progress]

alternative hash functions

Ajtai

(lattice-based)

paper

Vision Mark-32

(binary fields)

eprint/2024/633

minimal recursion zkVM

[in progress]

Grøstl

(SHA3 candidate)

groestl.info

math conjectures

in Lean 4

[in progress]

zkVM formal

verification

verified-zkevm.org

[redacted]VM

by [redacted]

[in progress]

ARC

accumulation

eprint/2024/1731

Jolt

streaming

[eprint queue]