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NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI

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  • Swathy Sudhakar
  • PGT Geography

JNV Wayanad

Kerala.

CLASS –X

E CONTENT

GEOGRAPHY

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

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CLASS -X

GEOGRAPHY

CONTEMPORARY INDIA

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Wow!

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CHAPTER -6

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MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

  • Pupil understands the importance of manufacturing and their contribution to national economy.
  • Classify industries on different attributes.
  • Pupil understands the favourable factors responsible for the location of industries.

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SUB TOPICS

  • What is Manufacturing industries? Classification of Industries.
  • Agro based industries.
  • Mineral based industries.
  • Industrial pollution and Environmental degradation.

--Control of Environmental Degradation.

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What is Manufacturing?

  • Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
  • Fall in the secondary sector.
  • The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

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IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING

  • Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development because-
  • Help in modernizing agriculture, and provide them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
  • Industrial development helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
  • Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
  • India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries.

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GLOBALISATION AND INDUSTRY

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  • Industry need to be more efficient and competitive.
  • Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market.
  • Only then we will be able to compete in the international market.

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Contribution of industry to National Economy

27%

Industry to GDP

17%

Manufacturing sector to GDP

10% -Mining,quarrying,gas

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  • Lower in comparison to some East Asian Economies.-(25 t o35 percent).
  • Last decade growth rate - around 7 per cent per annum.
  • Next decade desired growth rate - 12 per cent.
  • Since 2003- Growth rate-9 to 10% per annum.
  • With approprate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity,economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.
  • NMCC has been set up with this objective in 2004.

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INDUSTRIAL LOCATION

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AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES

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PRE INDEPENDENCE-MAJOR PORTS

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CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES

  • 1.On the basis of source of raw materials used:
  • Agro based: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile,rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edibile oil.

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  • Mineral based: iron and steel, cement,aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.

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2.According to their main role:

Basic or key industries

  • Supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods
  • Eg:iron and steel and copper smelting ,aluminium smelting.

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Consumer industries

  • that produce goods for direct use by consumers
  • Eg:-sugar,tootpaste,paper,sewing machines,fans etc.

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3.On the basis of Capital investment:

Small scale industry

  • The maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore

Large scale industry

  • If investment is more than one crore on any industry hen it is known as a large scale industry.

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4.On the basis of ownership:

1.Public sector: Owned and operated by government agencies-

  • BHEL-(Bharath Heavy Electrical Limited),
  • SAIL-(Steel Authority of India Limited) etc.

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2.Private sector: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.

  • TISCO -(Tata Iron and Steel Company)
  • Bajaj Auto Ltd.
  • Dabur Industries.

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3.Joint Sector: Which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.

  • OIL-(Oil India Ltd.)

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4.Cooperative sector: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials ,workers or both.

  • They pool in the resources and share the profit or loss proportionately.
  • Sugar industry in Maharashtra
  • Coir industry in Kerala.

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5.Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:

1.Heavy industries: such as iron and steel

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2.Light industries: Use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electronic industries.