The Appendicular Skeleton
Clavicle
Pectoral
girdle
Upper
limbs
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
bones
Metacarpal
bones
Phalanges
Pelvic
girdle
Lower
limbs
Hip bone
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal bones
Metatarsal
bones
Phalanges
SKELETAL SYSTEM
AXIAL SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
(see Figure 7–1)
206
80
126
4
2
60
16
10
28
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
60
14
10
28
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Clavicle
Clavicle
The position of the clavicle within
the pectoral girdle, anterior view.
MEDIAL
LATERAL
Scapula
Jugular notch
Acromial end
Sternal
end
Superior view of the right clavicle.
Acromial end
Costal
tuberosity
Sternal
facet
Sternal end
Inferior view of the right clavicle.
Stabilizing ligaments attach to the conoid
tubercle and the costal tuberosity.
LATERAL
MEDIAL
Facet for
articulation
with acromion
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Scapula
Acromion
Coracoid
process
Subscapular
fossa
Body
Anterior view
Acromion
Coracoid
process
Spine
Glenoid
cavity
Lateral view
Acromion
Supraspinous
fossa
Coracoid
process
Spine
Infraspinous
fossa
Posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle
Posterior surface
Lesser tubercle
Head
Anatomical
neck
Surgical
neck
Deltoid
tuberosity
Shaft
Greater tubercle
Anterior surface
Radial fossa
Lateral
epicondyle
Condyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Medial
epicondyle
Trochlea
Lateral
epicondyle
Humerus
Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
Capitulum
Coronoid process of ulna
Radial notch of ulna
Head of radius
Elbow joint, anterior view
Humerus
Medial epicondyle
Olecranon fossa
Olecranon
Trochlea of humerus
Head of radius
Ulna
Elbow joint, posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Radius and Ulna
Olecranon
ULNA
Styloid process
of ulna
Posterior view
Radial head
Radial tuberosity
RADIUS
Styloid process
of radius
Olecranon
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Radial notch
ULNA
ULNA
Lateral view
of ulna, showing
trochlear notch
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand
RADIUS
V
IV
III
II
I
Lunate
Scaphold
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Metacarpal
bones
Proximal
phalanx
Distal
phalanx
ULNA
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Posterior view
Anterior view
V
IV
III
II
I
RADIUS
Lunate
Scaphold
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Metacarpal
bones
Proximal
phalanx
Distal
phalanx
Middle
phalanx
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Hip Bone
Ischium
Iliac crest
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Ischial tuberosity
Ischial spine
Greater sciatic notch
Right hip bone, lateral view
Right hip bone, medial view
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
Ilium
Pubis
Iliac
fossa
Auricular surface
for articulation
with sacrum
Posterior
superior
iliac spine
Posterior inferior
iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Location
of pubic
symphysis
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Pelvis of an Adult Male
SACRUM
COCCYX
ILIUM
PUBIS
ISCHIUM
Hip bone
(Figure 8–7)
Iliac crest
Sacral
foramina
Greater
sciatic
notch
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
L5
SACRUM
COCCYX
Posterior view
L5
SACRUM
Acetabulum
Obturator
foramen
Sacroiliac
joint
Iliac
fossa
Pubic
symphysis
ILIUM
PUBIS
ISCHIUM
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Divisions of the Pelvis
Pelvic brim
Pelvic inlet
False pelvis
Pelvic outlet
Superior view.
The pelvic brim,
pelvic inlet, and
pelvic outlet.
Inferior view. The limits
of the pelvic outlet.
Ischial
spine
Pelvic outlet
Pelvic brim
Pelvic inlet
False pelvis
True
pelvis
Lateral view. The
boundaries of the
true (lesser) pelvis
(shown in purple)
and the (false)
greater pelvis.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anatomical Differences between a Male and Female Pelvis
Ischial
spine
Ischial
spine
90°
100°
or less
or more
Female
Male
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bone Markings on the Right Femur
Neck
Greater
trochanter
Lateral epicondyle
Lateral condyle
Anterior surface
Femoral head
Lesser trochanter
Shaft
Medial epicondyle
Medial condyle
Neck
Greater trochanter
Linea aspera
Posterior surface
Lateral epicondyle
Lateral condyle
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Patella
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Fibular collateral
ligament
Lateral meniscus
Articular cartilage
of tibia
Medial condyle
Posterior cruciate
ligament
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Medial meniscus
Tibial collateral
ligament
Patellar ligament
(cut)
Transverse
ligament
Lateral
meniscus
Fibular
collateral
ligament
Lateral
condyle
Patellar surface
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Tibial
collateral
ligament
Medial
meniscus
Femur
Medial
condyle
Posterior
cruciate
ligament
Fibula
Tibia
Anterior view
Posterior view
Figure 09.28
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Femur
Bursa under lateral
head of gastrocnemius
Joint capsule
Articular cartilage
Meniscus
Tibia
Quadriceps
femoris
Quadriceps
femoris tendon
Suprapatellar
bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Patella
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity
Infrapatellar fat pad
Superficial
infrapatellar bursa
Patellar ligament
Deep
infrapatellar bursa
Sagittal section
Lateral meniscus
Lateral condyle
of tibia
Posterior cruciate
ligament
Medial meniscus
Synovial
membrane
Medial condyle
of tibia
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Superior view of tibia and menisci
Figure 09.28 Contd.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Foot fixed
Twisting motion
Anterior cruciate
ligament (torn)
Tibial collateral
ligament (torn)
Medial
meniscus (torn)
Patellar ligament
Figure 09.29
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Right Tibia and Fibula
Soleal line
Articular surface of
medial tibial condyle
Medial tibial
condyle
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseous
membrane
TIBIA
FIBULA
Medial malleolus
(tibia)
Anterior view
Lateral malleolus
(fibula)
Superior
tibiofibular
joint
Head of fibula
Lateral tibial condyle
FIBULA
TIBIA
Lateral malleolus (fibula)
Posterior view
Articular surface of
lateral tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
Head of fibula
Anterior margin
Tibia
Interosseous membrane
Cross section of
tibia and fibula
Fibula
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bones of the Ankle and Foot
Calcaneus
Trochlea
of talus
Hallux
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral
Cuneiform bones
Cuboid
Talus
Navicular
V
IV
III
II
I
Metatarsal bones
Proximal
phalanx
Distal phalanx
Superior view, right foot
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Phalanges
Medial view, right foot
Longitudinal
arch
Transverse
arch
Phalanges
Metatarsal
bones
Medial
cuneiform
bone
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Review Questions 8-1 The Scapula
d
d
d
e
e
e
f
f
g
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Review Questions 8-2 The Pelvis
a
b
c
d
e
f
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.