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RICHARD BURKS

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COACH BURKS

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Jayden Aguilar and Sammy Owen

Throwing a Football

Bones Used: Humerus, Radius and Ulna, Scapula, Clavicle, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges�

Ligaments Used: Glenohumeral ligaments, Ulnar collateral ligament, Radial collateral ligament, Annular ligament, Wrist ligaments radiocarpal and ulnocarpal�

Tendons Used: Biceps tendon (attaches biceps to radius), Triceps tendon (attaches triceps to ulna), Rotator cuff tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis), Flexor and extensor tendons in the wrist and fingers�

Flexors Used: Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor digitorum muscles�

Extensors Used: Triceps brachii, Extensor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digitorum muscles�

Muscles Attached to Bones: Deltoid, Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Rotator cuff muscles, Forearm muscles

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Jayden Aguilar and Sammy Owen

Jace Ferguson and Brooks

Dumbbell curls

Bones used: humerus, the radius, and the ulna.

Annular Ligament – Stabilizes the radius during forearm rotation (supination).

UCL (Ulnar Collateral Ligament) – Provides inner elbow stability during curls.

RCL (Radial Collateral Ligament) – Stabilizes the outer side of the elbow.

Interosseous Membrane – Connects radius and ulna, helps distribute load.

Biceps Brachii – Main muscle for elbow flexion and wrist supination.

Brachialis – Strong elbow flexor under the biceps.

Brachioradialis – Aids in elbow flexion, especially in neutral grip.

Forearm Flexors – Stabilize the wrist and grip the dumbbell.

Brooks Clinnard

Triceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, anconeus, and posterior deltoid.

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Flexers: biceps brachii (both heads), the brachialis, and the brachioradialis

Tendons: biceps brachii tendons and the brachialis tendon

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Mason Faust

LIllyann Lee

(on brooke’s slide)

Kaydance love

Kelsies slide queen

Laia lynchard

Evan Langley

Bones involved

Humerus (upper arm bone)

Radius (forearm bone on the thumb side)

Ulna (forearm bone on the pinky side)

Scapula (shoulder blade)

Carpals (wrist bones)

Metacarpals (hand bones)

Phalanges (finger bones)

Ligaments:

Ligaments connect bone to bone, stabilizing joints involved in shooting.

Glenohumeral ligaments (shoulder joint stability)

Coracoacromial ligament (part of shoulder)

Ulnar collateral ligament (elbow)

Radial collateral ligament (elbow)

Annular ligament (holds radius in place during forearm rotation)

Wrist ligaments:

Palmar radiocarpal ligament�Dorsal radiocarpal ligament�Ulnar collateral ligament (wrist)�Radial collateral ligament (wrist)�

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Flexors:

Biceps Brachii – bends the elbow to bring the ball up�Pectoralis Major – helps flex the shoulder joint�Flexor Carpi Radialis / Ulnaris – flex the wrist during the shot�Anterior Deltoid – raises the arm forward� Extensors:

Triceps Brachii – extends the elbow during the shot release�Extensor Carpi Radialis / Ulnaris – extends the wrist after ball release�Posterior Deltoid – assists in shoulder extension

How Tendons Work in a Shot

1. Muscle Contraction: As the muscles contract, they pull on their respective tendons.
2. Force Transmission: The tendons, being stiff and strong, transmit this force to the bones, causing them to move.
3. Joint Movement: This movement at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints results in the coordinated action of the arm that propels the ball toward the basket

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Main Ligaments & Bone Connections: Spinal.

• Anterior Longitudinal Ligament – runs along the front of vertebral bodies�
• Posterior Longitudinal Ligament – runs along the back of vertebral bodies�
• Ligamentum Flavum – connects vertebral arches�
• Interspinous & Supraspinous Ligaments – connect spinous processes

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Ligaments & Bone Connections: Finger

• Collateral Ligaments – connect phalanges to each other at each finger joint�
• Volar Plate – thick ligament at the front of finger joints to prevent hyperextension

Main Ligaments & Bone Connections: Elbow

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) – connects humerus to ulna�
• Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) – connects humerus to radius�
• Annular Ligament – wraps around the head of the radius to keep it in place with the ulna

Main Ligaments & Bone Connections: Wrist

• Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament – connects radius to carpal bones (front)�
• Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament – connects radius to carpal bones (back)�
• Ulnar Collateral Ligament – connects ulna to triquetrum & pisiform (carpals)�
• Radial Collateral Ligament – connects radius to scaphoid

Main Ligaments & Bone Connections: shoulder

• Glenohumeral Ligaments (Superior, Middle, Inferior) – connect scapula (glenoid cavity) to humerus�
• Coracohumeral Ligament – connects coracoid process of scapula to humerus�
• Coracoacromial Ligament – connects coracoid to acromion (both on scapula)

Malin long

Kelsie Shelton and Kaydance Love

1. Bones (Arm & Fingers)

• Humerus – upper arm bone�
• Clavicle – collarbone (helps with shoulder positioning)�
• Scapula – shoulder blade

Radius – lateral bone (thumb side)�

Ulna – medial bone (pinky side)

Phalanges – finger bones (proximal, middle, distal)�

Metacarpals – palm bones�

Carpals – wrist bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate)

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Playing the flute

2. Bone Parts That Matter

• Olecranon (ulna) – point of elbow, attachment for triceps (extension).�
• Head of radius – allows forearm rotation (pronation/supination).�
• Condyles of humerus – where forearm flexors/extensors attach.�
• Phalangeal joints – allow finger bending and straightening.�

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Ligaments & Tendons

Wrist & Hand

• Collateral ligaments of fingers – stabilize finger joints�
• Volar plate – prevents hyperextension in fingers�
• Flexor & extensor retinacula – thick bands at wrist holding tendons in place�

Elbow & Arm

• Ulnar collateral ligament (medial)�
• Radial collateral ligament (lateral)�
• Annular ligament (wraps around head of radius, allows rotation for pronation/supination)

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Flexor Muscles (bend joints inward/close grip)

Fingers

• Flexor digitorum profundus – flexes distal phalanges�
• Flexor digitorum superficialis – flexes middle phalanges�
• Flexor pollicis longus – flexes thumb�
• Flexor pollicis brevis – helps thumb bend inward�
• Lumbricals – flex MCP joints while extending IP joints (important for flute fingerings)�

Wrist

• Flexor carpi radialis – flexes and abducts wrist�
• Flexor carpi ulnaris – flexes and adducts wrist�
• Palmaris longus – tenses palm, assists flexion�

Elbow/Arm

• Biceps brachii – flexes elbow, also supinates forearm (needed to hold flute sideways)�
• Brachialis – main elbow flexor�
• Brachioradialis – flexes forearm, stabilizes

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Extensor Muscles (straighten joints/open grip)

Fingers

• Extensor digitorum – extends fingers�
• Extensor indicis – extends index finger�
• Extensor digiti minimi – extends pinky�
• Extensor pollicis longus & brevis – extend thumb�
• Abductor pollicis longus – abducts thumb (needed for stabilizing flute)�

Wrist

• Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis – extend and abduct wrist�
• Extensor carpi ulnaris – extends and adducts wrist�

Elbow/Arm

• Triceps brachii – extends elbow (keeps arm lifted)�
• Anconeus – assists triceps with extension and stabilizes elbow

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Movements in Flute Playing

• Finger flexion/extension – pressing/releasing keys�
• Thumb opposition – gripping flute�
• Wrist flexion/extension – stabilizing hand angle�
• Forearm pronation/supination – rotating arm to hold flute sideways�
• Elbow flexion/extension – adjusting playing position�
• Shoulder abduction/flexion – holding flute out to the side

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Brooke Phillips and Lilly Lee

Bones

the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges)

Ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the knee, along with the acetabular labrum and hip capsule in the hip,

Tendons :quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, and calf muscles,

Bone part: the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), fibula (smaller lower leg bone), patella (kneecap), and various foot bones (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges)

Flexors: hip flexors (especially the iliopsoas and rectus femoris)

Extensors:the quadriceps at the knee joint and the gluteus maximus at the hip joint

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How to kick a soccer ball

How to kick a ball by brooke P. and lilly L.

All the quads being used: They are: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

When kicking a soccer ball, the quadriceps muscles, located at the front of your thigh, attach to your kneecap (patella) via the quadriceps tendon, and then the patellar ligament connects the kneecap to your shinbone (tibia), extending your leg at the knee to strike the ball.

How it Works During a Soccer Kick

1. Contraction: When you kick, the quadriceps muscles contract, pulling on the quadriceps tendon.
2. Kneecap Action: This pull causes the kneecap to pull on the patellar ligament.
3. Leg Extension: The patellar ligament then pulls the tibia, straightening (extending) your leg to strike the ball with force.

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Brynna Velde, laia lynchard

t

Ligament:

ulnocarpal ligaments they are on the side of the wrist nearest to the pinky finger, it connects the ulna to the carpal bones.

Volar radiocarpal ligaments, this group is on the palm side of the the wrist and the strongest set of ligaments.prevents excessive wrist extension

Dorsal Radiocarpal ligaments, located on the back of the wrist, prevents excessive wrist flexion

Tendons:Rotator cuff tendons, which include the subscapularis,supraspinatus,

Infraspinatus,and teres minor to stabilize the shoulder. The biceps tendon also plays a role in stabilizing the shoulder. The flexor pronator tendons in the forearm are stressed and stretched.

Bone parts: the humorous the long bone in the upper arm. The radius and ulna, 2 bones of the forearm. Carpal bones the 8 carpal bones in the wrist. Metacarpals, the 5 bones in the mid hand. The phalanges the 14 bones that make up the fingers and thumb.

Extensors: Triceps brachii which extends the elbow and the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and the subscapularis. Which contribute to the rotation of the arm.

Flexors:

flexor carpi ulnaris ,this powerful muscle flexes the wrist toward the palm and also deviates it toward the pinky finger.important for generating maximum force

Flexor carpi radialis, This muscle flexes and deviates the hand toward the thumb side.works with the FCU.

Palmaris longus, Though absent in some people, this muscle assists with wrist flexion.

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Bones:The humerus upper arm bone, the radius and ulna the forearm bones, the metacarpals and the phalanges the clavicle (collarbone) . and the scapula the shoulder bone.

Sammy Owen

Kutter Cruz,Jackson Tramel

Bones Involved:

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• Tarsals
• Metatarsals
• Phalanges
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Patella
• Femur
• Pelvic Girdle
• Humerus
• Ulna
• Radius
• Carpals

Ligaments Involved:

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• Anterior talofibular ligament
• Calcaneofibular ligament
• Deltoid ligament complex
• Syndesmotic ligaments

Tendons Involved:

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• Achilles tendon
• Patellar tendon
• Hamstring tendons
• Gluteal tendons

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Flexors Used:

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• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Flexor Digitorum Muscles

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Extensors Used:

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• Triceps Brachii
• Extensor Carpi Radialis
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Extensor Digitorum Muscles

Kutter Cruz,Jackson Tramel

Emma Starnes & Malin Long

bones

ligaments

tendons

parts

Flexors

Extensors

Biceps tendon

Triceps tendon Rotator cuff tendons Forearm flexor & extensor tendons Quadriceps tendon Patellar tendon Hamstring tendons Achilles tendon Gluteal tendons

Diaphysi

Epiphysis

Metaphysis

Periosteum

Compact bone (cortical bone)

Spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Medullary cavity

Articular cartilage

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Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus

Iliopsoas

Rectus femoris

- Skull

- Clavicle (collarbone

scapula shoulder blade) -Humerus -Radius

-Ulna

-Carpals, -Metacarpals -Phalanges -Vertebrae -spine

Cervical

-Thoracic

-Lumbar

-Pelvis

-Femur

-Patella

-Tibia

-Fibula -Tarsals

-Glenohumeral ligaments (shoulder stability),

-Ulnar collateral ligament

-Radial collateral ligament

-Wrist ligaments (radiocarpal & ulnocarpal ligaments)

-Iliofemoral

-pubofemoral

-ischiofemoral ligaments -Anterior cruciate ligament -Posterior cruciate ligament

-Medial & Lateral collateral ligaments -Ankle ligaments (anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, deltoid ligament)

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Triceps brachii

Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

Quadriceps (vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius, rectus femoris)

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Calleigh Wood Evie Whitton

Bones used:

• Fingers and hands: The fingertips are the primary point of contact with the ball. The bones in your fingers (phalanges) and hands (metacarpals) create the basket shape for a clean, controlled touch.
• Wrists: The bones of your wrists (carpals) and forearms (radius and ulna) are crucial for generating outward power. A snapping motion of the wrists, along with finger control, directs the ball forward.
• Arms: Your upper arm bones (humerus) and forearm bones (radius and ulna) are engaged as you extend your arms to push the ball upward
• Legs: The leg bones, including the femurs in your thighs, tibias, and fibulas in your shins, and the bones of your feet, are essential for getting into proper position and generating upward power. A good setter uses their legs to drive energy through their body and into the ball.
• Spine: The bones of your spine provide the necessary core stability for balance and posture throughout the setting motion

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Setting a volleyball

• Legs: Quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves are used for jumping, running, and providing a stable base for the set.
• Core: The abdominal, lower back, and hip muscles work together as the body's center of gravity to generate and transfer power to the arms and hands.
• Back: The latissimus dorsi (lats) are important for stabilizing the upper body and assisting in the movement of the upper torso during the set.
• Arms and Shoulder: Triceps, biceps, and deltoids in the shoulder are engaged for arm extension and controlling the ball's trajectory.
• Forearms, Wrists, and Fingers: These smaller muscles provide the fine control and precise power needed for contacting and propelling the ball with the desired direction and speed.

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Muscles Used:

Calleigh Wood Evie Whitton

Phalanges used:

• Middle phalanges: Located between the proximal and distal phalanges, these are found in the fingers (not the thumb).
• Distal phalanges: These are the bones at the fingertips.
• Proximal phalanges: These are the largest phalanges and are closest to the palm, connecting to the metacarpal bones.

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• Achilles Tendon: This tendon in the ankle is vital for the powerful leg drive and explosive jumps used to get to the ball and set. It functions like a spring during the "stretch shortening cycle" for greater height and speed.
• Shoulder and Elbow Tendons: The tendons of the shoulder (rotator cuff) and elbow (biceps and triceps tendons) are crucial for controlling the ball's trajectory. Setting requires a quick release, leveraging these tendons to provide power and accuracy.

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