Basic Electronics

18EECF101

(4-0-0)

*

1

Even 2021

�Trends in Electronic Industries

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Basic Electronics (18EECF101)

2020-2021, Even Semester

Topic Learning Outcomes

At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

1.Explain the current trends in electronics industry

2.Compare the growth of Government and private sectors in the field of electronics

3.Discuss the Standards and Policies of electronics industry

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School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

CO1: Discuss the current trends, standards and policies in the electronics industry.

Content�

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

• Roadmap of electronic sector, scope and opportunities in various segments of electronics (i.e., Consumer, Telecom, IT, Defense, Industrial, Medical and Automobiles)
• Government and private sectors
• Growth profile of Electronic industries
• Standards and Policies

• Let us start our course with an understanding of scope opportunities, current trends in the electronic industry.
• India has the 3^rdlargest pool of scientists and technicians worldwide.
• India is home to considerable talent for electronic chip design and embedded software.
• National Policy on Electronics 2019 (NPE 2019), proposed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) envisage placing India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM).

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1. Scope of electronic sector

• Additionally, there is increased governmental spending in the sector.

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• The beauty of Electronics sector in India is its lower manufacturing costs compared to other markets.

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In fact

India is one of the largest electronics markets in the world. It is anticipated to reach $ 400 billion by 2025.

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Further, the Consumer Electronics and Appliances Industry in India is expected to become the fifth largest in the world by 2025.

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Some of the key players nationally and internationally who are influencing the electronics sectors in India are

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International

• Nokia, LG, Samsung, Microsoft, Texas Instruments, Flextronics, Siemens, Bosch, Kelvin Electricals, Jabil Circuits

National

• Bharat Electronics, Crompton Greaves, Bajaj Electricals, Wipro Lighting, Videocon, Sterlite Technologies, Centum Electronics

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• Government initiatives to kick start ESDM industry:
• Government initiatives required to achieve the targets set for the ESDM sector and to bridge the gaps identified are elaborated below. The initiatives are broadly classified under the below heads:

1. Infrastructure development

2. Institutional mechanism, to promote the sector including Investment Promotion & Branding

3. Skill development

4. Incentives

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2. Opportunities in electronic sector

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

• The Indian electronic products industry can be divided into following broad end-user segments:

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

2. Electronic components

• Electronic components segment includes
• active components such as transistor, diode and CRT
• passive components such as resistors and capacitors,
• electro-mechanical components such as PCBs, power devices, switches, relays, connectors, cable and associate components such as magnets

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

Key trends

1. Convergence of technologies 2. Surface mount technology (SMT): 3.Growing focus on miniaturization

With the convergence of technologies, a single device such as a smartphone, is now using diverse technologies to offer multiple services such as communication, gaming, computing and location services. This trend is likely to move across other devices as well generating demand for more sophisticated and integrated high-tech electronic components.

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

2. Surface mount technology (SMT):

The concept of surface mount technology involves construction of electronic circuits in which surface mount components are mounted directly on the PCB. The technology, which is being used across modern devices such as tablets, smartphones, laptops etc, offers significant advantages such as automation, high speed assembly, miniaturization and better mechanical and electrical performance.

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3.Growing focus on miniaturization

• With the advent of surface mount technology and nanotechnology, miniaturization is gaining increasing focus as it results in cost reduction and better aesthetics and quality in the final product. This trend is resulting in discrete components being replaced by integrated components. Since Indian electronic component industry mostly manufactures discrete components, there is a need to move fast to catch up with this trend

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Growth drivers

1. Increasing maturity of the semiconductor industry
2. Availability of talent pool
3. Cost competitiveness
4. Stringent IP protection measures

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3. Semiconductor design

The increasing sale of consumer electronic goods, a telecom/networking market and the growth in the use of portable/ wireless products globally, a trend which is also being seen in India, is driving the growth of the semiconductor design industry in the country.

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

4. Electronic manufacturing services

• Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) involves designing, testing, manufacturing, distribution and maintenance of electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

Case studies

• Automobiles
• Defense
• Telecom
• Health
• Agriculture
• Consumer Applications

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With the growth of on-board electronics in

the automobile sector, from two-wheelers to tractors and heavy commercial vehicles, semi-conductor industry experts believe that in the immediate future, electronics will be the differentiator.

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School of Electronics Engineering

�Scope for Electronics in automobile industry �

Electronics in automobiles

Automotive electronics or automotive embedded systems are distributed systems and according to different domains in the automotive field they can be classified into:

• Engine Electronics
• Transmission Electronics
• Active Safety
• Driver assistance
• Passenger Comfort

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School of Electronics Engineering

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Engine Electronics

• Fuel injection rate
• Emission control, Nox control
• Regeneration of oxidation catalytic converter
• Turbocharger control
• Cooling system control
• Throttle control
• In a Gasoline engine
• Lambda control
• OBD On Board diagnosis
• Cooling system control
• Ignition system control
• Lubrication system control (only few has electronic control)
• Fuel injection rate control
• Throttle control

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Driver assistance�

• Lane assistance system
• Speed assistance system
• Blind spot detection
• Park assistance System
• Adaptive Cruise Control System

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School of Electronics Engineering

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Passenger Comfort�

• Automatic Climate control
• Electronic seat adjustment with memory
• Automatic wipers
• Automatic Headlamps – adjusts beam automatically

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Etc……

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School of Electronics Engineering

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Four key tasks for auto �electronics suppliers�

1. Focus on the end user

The development of new features is still being driven more by technical feasibility than by customers’ needs. Those who can correctly interpret the customers’ needs will be able to design products that set them apart from their competitors. They will also be able to better gauge the future order volumes for special features.

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2. Achieve differentiation through mechatronics

To date, a clear trend towards purely electronic components has not been observed. That is because many electronic functions can be usefully combined with mechanical components. By integrating these two types of components to form a complete system, automotive suppliers can set themselves apart from their competitors.

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Contd..

3. Pay close attention to the development of standards and automotive architectures

No supplier can escape the trend towards standardization and new architectures. At the moment, however, it is impossible to tell what standards will be established, at what time and in what way Quick decisions can be expected only in those areas in which new end user benefits can be created. For automotive suppliers, it will be very important to achieve an advantageous positioning within the changing world of automotive architectures, at an early stage of development.

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4. Keep costs under control

Automotive suppliers from emerging markets are quickly catching up to established suppliers. In the coming years, electronics suppliers from Asia will intensify the cost pressure on the industry even more. Therefore, Western manufacturers will have to master the full range of cost reduction instruments.

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Electronics in Defense

Different Applications are,

1. UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Lethal and non-lethal force multipliers in warfare, cost-effective alternatives to manned aircraft in specialised civilian roles. They find application in weather research, communications, disaster management, pollution monitoring, and law enforcement.

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2. LAKSHYA – DRDO:

i. Pilotless Target Aircraft (PTA) (named as “Lakshya”) is a reusable aerial target system

ii. Operated from ground to provide aerial target for training of gun and Missile crew and Air Defence pilots

School of Electronics Engineering

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3. RADAR: It is an object-detection system which uses electromagnetic waves—specifically radio waves—to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects.

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RADAR can:

► Detect the presence of an object at a distance

► Detect the speed of an object

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• SONAR: SOund Navigation And Ranging

> Sonar is a modern technology which helps us to track submarines, fish, ship wrecks, map the seabed and for other navigational purposes.

> The four main factors that affect the performance of a sonar system are a high power transmitter, an efficient transducer, a sensitive receiver and an acoustic communication system.

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School of Electronics Engineering

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• Industries relating to this field:
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
• DRDO
• Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
• Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)
• Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL)
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE)
• Goa Sihipyard Limited (GSL)
• Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
• Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI)

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School of Electronics Engineering

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Electronics in Telecom

• Transmission of information over significant distances to communicate…
• Visual signals such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, or sent by loud whistles…

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Contd…

• Telegraphs, telephones, and tele printers, the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the internet…

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School of Electronics Engineering

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• The analog-to-digital conversion has introduced many new standards in audio and video, which greatly improves the quality and affordability of the multimedia digital experience.

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• With the proliferation of broadband, accessing the media has become easy and rewarding for consumers. With easy access and the rich quality enabled by the digital revolution, the telecom field has emerged as the one of the fastest growing field in electronics.

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• For ex.
• Staying connected
• Media and Data Convergence

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Electronics in Medical science

• The core health care science and research in medical sciences will have ever-increasing interface with technology areas. The future will not only be dominated by advances in life sciences but will witness the merging of entire technologies and medicine

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Contd…

• To meet these challenges, a new breed of medical professionals is required which will be conversant with the medical profession as well as the engineering profession, and who will be able to fuse together the medical sciences with the high-end technologies.

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Sub disciplines within biomedical engineering�

• Biomedical Electronics
• Biomechatronics
• Bioinstrumentation
• Biomaterials
• Biomechanics
• Bionics
• Cellular, Tissue, and Genetic Engineering
• Clinical Engineering
• Medical Imaging
• Orthopaedic Bioengineering
• Rehabilitation engineering
• Systems Physiology
• Bionanotechnology
• Neural Engineering

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Example

An MRIAn MRI scan of a human head, an example of a biomedical engineering application of electrical engineeringAn MRI scan of a human head, an example of a biomedical engineering application of electrical engineering to diagnostic imaging.

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Imaging technologies are often essential to medical diagnosis, and are typically the most complex equipment found in a hospital including:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Nuclear medicine
• Projection radiography such as X-raysProjection radiography such as X-rays and CT scans
• Ultrasound
• Optical microscopy

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X-Ray

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MRI scan of human head

School of Electronics Engineering

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Consumer Electronics

• Intended for everyday use, most often in entertainment, communications and office productivity.

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• Radio broadcasting in the early 20^th century brought the first major consumer product, the broadcast receiver…

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• Later products include PC’s, telephones, MP3 palyers, audio equipment, TV’s, calculators,, GPS automative electronics, digi cameras and players and recorders using video media such as DVD’s, VCR’s or camcorders

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Policies

School of Electronics Engineering

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT� �1) Implementation of ITA-I under WTO��2) Foreign Investment Policy��3) Foreign Trade Policy��4) SEZ Scheme�

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��Export Oriented Units � �

• Special schemes are available for setting up Export Oriented Units for the Electronics/IT Sector.
• Various incentives and concessions are available under these schemes.
• The schemes are:
• ‡ Export Oriented Unit (EOU) Scheme
• ‡ Electronics Hardware Technology Park (EHTP) Scheme
• ‡ Software Technology Park (STP) Scheme

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� CHALLENGES

Challenges

• Major challenges facing the Indian electronic manufacturing market are an infrastructure that needs to be improved at the earliest possibility, easing of foreign investment procedures, which is underway, and a restructured government tariff that now makes domestically manufactured goods more expensive than imported goods with zero tariff.
• There are also other problems, which are hampering the growth of the Indian electronics industry. Some of them are:
• Lack of World-class infrastructure.
• Lack of clear-cut government policy for the industry.
• Very little expenditure in Research and Development area.
• Power of Marketing not harnessed to the maximum

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School of Electronics Engineering

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• While the Electronics sector in India is currently small, there are several advantages that India

offers that can be effectively leveraged to achieve higher growth. These can be categorised under three heads:

• Manpower
• Market Demand
• Policy and Regulatory Support

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Standards

School of Electronics Engineering

1) Technical Standard- IEEE Standards��2) RS-232 Standard��3) Bluetooth��4) Wireless LAN������� �

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Private Sector�

• The private sector is that part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the state.

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Opportunities and Scope

School of Electronics Engineering

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Various Fields

• Telecommunication
• Software Engineering/IT
• Power sector
• Hardware Manufacturing
• Home Appliance and VLSI design, etc

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School of Electronics Engineering

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Benefits of working in a private sector

• Excellent remuneration packages
• Salary increases based on performance
• Excellent medical schemes
• Better promotion opportunities
• More networking opportunities
• Challenging offers

School of Electronics Engineering

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Electronics engineers in Government sector

• Opportunities………….
• These engineers get job in central government, state governments.
• They are also absorbed into the entertainment, consumer electronics, consumer durables, transmission industry, research establishments, and specialized defense products like signaling equipments, radar control equipments.
• Also biggest employment opportunities for EC Engineer are in the new computer related fields related to hardware & components and Networking and in the Telecom Sector. There are high end opportunities as well as middle segment opportunities

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Contd..

• In fact India has emerged as a world class VLSI / Embedded System/digital signal processing design Center
• EC engineers of high caliber can find jobs with entry level packages of Rs. 4.5 l.p.a. to Rs. 6.5 l.p.a. (with added specialization) with several MNCs operating in India.
• Similarly mobile computing, hardware & mobile networking, etc. are other lucrative and high growth areas.

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Different sectors…….

B.Tech graduates can look for jobs in government sector

• Civil services
• Defense services
• Indian Railways
• Indian Air Force
• Indian Navy
• BSNL
• Doordarshan (Prasarbharthi), etc
• ISRO
• BEL
• DRDO
• Apart from these jobs, it is also possible for the candidates to take up teaching or research in any engineering colleges in the country. DRDO also take in Electronics engineers to various research positions

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• Indian Engineering Service (IES),
•  Indian Telephone Industries, BSNL/ MTNL,
• Semiconductor, Chip Design-Industries (Motorola , IBM, HP, STM, Philips, IT etc),
• Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (HPCL / BPCL / IPCL),
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC),
• Civil Aviation Department;
• Steel Authority of Indian Limited (SAIL),
• Power Sector (NTPC / NHPC Ltd.),
•  Bharat Electronics Limited,
• Indian Railways,
• Indus tan Aeronautics Limited (ISRO),
•  Software Industries (ALL MNC’S)  

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Exams…

• 1.IES�2.IAS�3.UES�4.CDS�5.EKT�6.NAVY�7.ARMY�8.UPSC�9.CIVIL SERVICE

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Contd…

• The IES i.e. Indian Engineering Services is one of the most royal jobs in India.
• There are two papers in the examination �1. General Science or General Ability Test (Common Paper)�2. Elective Engineering paper (Any one of CIVIL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS).�For details visit�http://www.ies.edu/�http://www.iesacademy.com/�

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• Digital India is a Programme to prepare India for a knowledge future.

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• A programme to transform India into digital empowered society and knowledge economy.

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• Digital India is an ambitious programme of Government of India projected at Rs 1,13,000 crores

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Digital India Programme�

1. Broadband Highways
2. Universal Access to Mobile connectivity
3. Public Internet access
4. e-Governance
5. e-Kranti
6. Global Information
7. Electronics Manufacturing
8. IT Training for Jobs
9. Early Harvest Programmes

School of Electronics Engineering

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even

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Pillars of Digital India �

• More than one-third of the top 1,000 global R&D spenders have centers in India. Around 50 per cent of the global 500 companies present have more than 10 per cent of the global headcount in India

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• About 28 per cent companies with headquarters in Japan, the EU and APAC have a R&D centers in India

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• There is a potential to create 200,000 R&D jobs by Global 500 companies in the next five years.

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Science and Technology in India�

School of Electronics Engineering

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Electronic System Components�

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Thank you

School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2020-2021 Even