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Quantum Computing

History and Prospects

Original talks on Fundamentals of Quantum Computing via IAPS

for NBU on Mon. March 7th 2022 and for Quanterall, 18 March 2022

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Vesselin G. Gueorguiev

Ronin Institute &

Institute for Advanced Physical Studies

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Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin G. Gueorguiev, PhD

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h= 4.1356677×10^(−15) eV⋅s

What is the value of the Planck constant h?

Why is April 14the chosen to be the Quantum Day?

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Outline

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

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Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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  • Brief History of Computing
  • Brief History of Physics
  • Key Concepts in Quantum Computing
  • Possible Applications of QC
  • Present Status on QC Resources
  • Problems and Future Directions
  • Conclusion and Open Discussion

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Brief History of Computing

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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  • Sumerian abacus invented in Babylon c. 2700–2300 BC
  • ~ 100 BC The Antikythera mechanism an ancient Greek astronomical analogue computer
  • By 1500 (the High Middle Ages) the positional Hindu–Arabic numeral system had reached Europe.
  • 1613 Richard Braithwaite - ‘computer’
  • 1622 Slide Rule invented by William Oughtred
  • 1623 Wilhelm Schickard invented a calculating machine & Francis Bacon first uses Binary
  • 1703 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the Binary System

Sources: Wikipedia and The Centre for Computing History, UK

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Moore’s Law - Is It Finally Dead?

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Moore’s Law scaling

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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ExtremeTech: What is Moore's Law? by Graham Templeton July 29, 2015

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Brief History of Classical Physics

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_physics

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Brief History of Quantum Physics

  • 1900 & 1905 the concept of Quanta of light affirmed computationally by Max Planck and Albert Einstein:

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  • 1911 & 1923 Niels Bohr model and Louis de Broglie wave hypothesis

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

8

h= 4.1356×10^(−15) eV⋅s

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Brief History of Quantum Physics

  • 1920s the phrase "quantum mechanics" (Quantenmechanik) was coined by Max Born, Werner Heisenberg & Wolfgang Pauli
  • 1925 matrix mechanics
  • 1927 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Pauli 2x2 spin matrices

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Brief History of Quantum Physics

  • Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Richard Feynman

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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The Mystery of Quantum Physics

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5rRTWhDJLTOivUQmwSEW_kC1i-xnuveN

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Key Concepts in Quantum Computing

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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LinkedIn SlideShare: 17 Nov 2014 – “Quantum Computing: Welcome to the Future” by Vern Brownell CEO

Wikipedia: Timeline of quantum computing and communication

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Key Concepts in Quantum Computing

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

13

LinkedIn SlideShare: 17 Nov 2014 – “Quantum Computing: Welcome to the Future” by Vern Brownell CEO

Schrödinger's cat

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Key Concepts in QC

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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LinkedIn SlideShare: 29 Sep 2012 – “Topic: Quantum computer” By Nisarg Y Bhagavantanavar

The Q-bit represented

as a Bloch sphere

Generators of Rotations as quantum gates:

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Pauli-X gate

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Pauli-Y gate

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Pauli-Z gate

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Key Concepts in QC

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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LinkedIn SlideShare: 21 Apr 2014 – “Quantum Computing” by Rohit Mishra & Ankit Agarwal

0

|0> ⟷ |1>

|0> =[1, 0]T

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|1> =[0,1]T

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Possible Applications of QC

  • Quantum Communications
    • Quantum Key Distribution (BB84 Bennett & Brassard 1984)
    • Cryptography – Prime Number Factorization (Peter Shor 1994)
    • State Teleportation (Charles Bennett et al 1993)
  • Artificial Intelligence
    • Large Data processing (Lov Grover search 1997)
    • Optimization problems …
    • Pattern Recognition …
    • Variety of Art form expressions …
  • ???

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Open Discussion

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin G. Gueorguiev, PhD

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Quantum Teleportation

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=2862

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Advantage of the Shor’s Algorithm

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Slides by Meghaditya Roy Chaudhury on “Quantum Computing” at Jadavpur University

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Possible Applications of QC

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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LinkedIn SlideShare: 17 Nov 2014 – “Quantum Computing: Welcome to the Future” by Vern Brownell CEO

Art and Style

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Present Status on �QC Resources

  • Quantum Computing Hardware
    • D-Wave (128/512)->5000
    • IBM (50) -> 127->433 Osprey
    • Intel (49)
    • Google (72)
    • Rigetti (19) -> 80
    • AliBaba (11) -> 66
    • Zuchongzi (60) in 2021
    • IonQ (32) Forte
  • Quantum Computing Software
    • D-Wave
    • IBM Q-Experience and QISKit
    • Rigetti Forest
    • Microsoft #Q, Google CirQ, QC Ware
    • Amazon Braket

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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D-Wave systems processor

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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IBM 50-Qubit Processor

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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‘Tangle Lake,’ Intel’s 49-Qubit Processor

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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https://newsroom.intel.com/news/future-quantum-computing-counted-qubits/

26 spin q-bits

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Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Problems and Future Directions

  • De-coherence
  • Error Correction
  • Output Measurement
  • Finding “the right problems” for a quantum computer

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Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin Gueorguiev, PhD

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Open Discussion

Online Talk for CSU San Marcos, CA

via APS’24 Quantum To- Go program

Vesselin G. Gueorguiev, PhD

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