Unit 6 Review
Microgenetics
Question #1
In which cells would a mutation be passed onto future generations?
Gamete (sperm or egg)
Question #2
What type of enzymes allow genes to be removed from and inserted into other organisms?
Restriction enzymes
Question #3
If the diploid number of an organism is 24, what would be its haploid number?
12
Question #4
What is the name of the procedure in which one plant is used to produce several genetically identical plants?
Cloning (Asexual or Vegetative Reproduction)
Question #5
What is the process, during prophase I, in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information?
Crossing Over
Question #6
What two processes allow one zygote cell become trillions of different cells?
Mitosis and Differentiation (Growth and Development)
Question #7
What leads to fraternal twins?
Two eggs being fertilized by two different sperm
Question #8
What causes identical twins to become more different during their lives?
Different genes being turned on and off in different cells
Question #9
What term describes a change in DNA that does not change the amino acid sequence in a protein?
Silent mutation
Question #10
Meiosis forms how many daughter cells?
4
Question #11
What causes nondisjunction disorders such as Down syndrome?
An unequal splitting of chromosomes during meiosis
Question #12
What type of mutation causes a piece of one chromosome to detach and reattach to a different chromosome?
Translocation
Question #13
How would the percentage of adenine compare to thymine in the same organism?
It would be equal
Question #14
After DNA replication, how much of each double helix is new DNA?
One half
Question #15
How are some genes expressed in some cells but not others?
Genes are turned on and off, depending on when they are needed
Question #16
What is made during translation?
Proteins (Amino acid chains)
Question #17
What is produced during transcription?
mRNA (Transcript)
Question #18
How many tRNA nucleotides make up an anti-codon?
Three
Question #19
In what ways is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is single stranded, has a different sugar, and has uracil instead of thymine
Question #20
What is the name of the disorder in which cells reproduce out of control?
Cancer
Question #21
Draw a nucleotide.
Question #22
What is the name of the process that prokaryotes use to divide?
Binary Fission
Question #23
What is one benefit of asexual reproduction?
Fast, no mate needed
Question #24
What is one disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
No genetic diversity
Question #25
Why would there be concerns about GMOs making their way into natural ecosystems?
They can have unknown consequences, such as competition and predation.