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SOL Review Day 4

  • Ancient Rome (700BC- 500AD)
  • Christianity

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Roman Republic

  • Representative Democracy:
    • Patricians (rich)
    • Plebeians (poor)
  • Assembly
  • Senate
  • 2 Consuls (crisis- dictator)
  • Codified laws: Twelve Tables
  • Foundation of modern democratic governments

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Punic Wars

  • Rome vs. Carthage
  • 3 wars
  • Rome wins- defeats Hannibal, complete control of Mediterranean

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Fall of Rome Republic, Rise of Rome Empire

  • Soldiers more loyal to generals than republic
  • High unemployment
  • Inflation
  • Julius Caesar- “crossing the Rubicon”
  • Civil War

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Roman Empire

  • Triumvirates
  • Julius Caesar
    • seizure of power, assassination
  • Augustus/Octavian Caesar- 1st emperor
    • Defeat Marc Anthony
    • Pax Romana “Roman Peace” starts
  • Problems with succession

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Pax Romana

  • 2 centuries of “Roman Peace”
  • STABILITY
  • Expansion of empire
  • Uniform money system- trade
  • Safe travel on roads
  • Emphasis on family
  • Civil Service jobs
  • Uniform code of laws

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Roman Contributions

  • Architecture: Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum
  • Technology: Roads, Aqueducts, Arches
  • Medicine: Public Health (public baths, water system, medical schools)

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Roman Contributions

  • Language: Latin, Romance Languages
  • Literature: Virgil’s Aeneid
  • Religion: Roman polytheism, Christianity as imperial religion
  • Law: “innocent until proven guilty” (twelve tables)
  • Government: Republic

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Fall of Roman Empire:

  • Economy: cost of defense, inflation
  • Military: decline of discipline, mercenaries
  • Moral decay: loss of faith in Rome and family unit
  • Politics: weak leaders
  • Invasion: attacked on all sides
  • Capital: Rome to Byzantium/Constantinople, splitting of empire- Emperor Diocletian

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Christianity

  • Founder: Jesus Christ, the “Messiah”, was a Jew
  • Monotheistic
  • Jesus is both man and God
  • Life after death
  • Texts: Bible, New Testament

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Christianity

  • Jesus is crucified
  • Christianity carried on by followers: Apostles
  • Persecuted by Roman emperors
  • Constantine adopts, legalizes
  • Church loyalty over empire loyalty
  • Church unifies western Europe

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