1 of 9

F.Y.B.Sc. Botany CBCS Pattern

(Semester I, Paper I)

BO-111: PLANT LIFE AND UTILIZATION I

​

CHAPTER I

Introduction

​

​

​

DR. SAYYED ILIYAS

M.Sc. Ph.D., F.I.A.S.I., F.A.B.I.[USA]

Associate Professor

Department of Botany

Y&M AKIs Poona College of Arts, Science and Commerce

Camp. Pune, MS, India-411001

2 of 9

3 of 9

4 of 9

Plant Kingdom – Plantae

  • Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for photosynthesis

5 of 9

Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae

  • The plant kingdom has the following characteristic features:
  • i. They are non-motile.
  • ii. They make their own food and hence are called autotrophs.
  • iii. They reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation or sexually.
  • iv. These are multicellular eukaryotes. The plant cell contains the outer cell wall and a large central vacuole.
  • v. Plants contain photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll present in the plastids.
  • vi. They have different organelles for anchorage, reproduction, support and photosynthesis The Plant K

6 of 9

Bryophyte

  • 1)Bryophytes are a proposed taxonomic division containing three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
  • 2)They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments.
  • 3)The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species.
  • 4)Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers or seeds.

7 of 9

Pteridophyte

  • 1)A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores.
  • 2)Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.
  • 3)Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes.
  • 4)They do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes.

8 of 9

Gymnosperms

1)Gymnospermae, the living members of which are also known as Acrogymnospermae.

2 )The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state).

3)The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary.

4)Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.

9 of 9

Angiosperms

  • 1)Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade
  • 2)Angiosperm are commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words angeion ('container, vessel') and sperma ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit.
  • 3)They are the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species.
  • 4) Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta