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PEDAGOGY IN INDIAN ART EDUCATION AND

ART PRACTICES: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Sudhir Duppati

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“Who said I teach art? I don’t teach. I simply go to the studio, do work, have a chat with the students, collect my salary and go home.” -An eminent south Indian artist’s statement.

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Scaffolding

Reflective practice

Self-regulation

Collaboration

Coconstruction

Metacognition

DEFINING PEDAGOGY IN ART

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PEDAGOGY

(Greek paidos "boy, child" plus agogos "leader.")

Method of teaching.

Theory and practice of learning.

Approaches to learning and teaching.

Modes

Based on beliefs and customs.

Science of learning.

Styles of teaching

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One of the important goals of school education.

b. Develop creativity and innovation through arts. “Any education emphasising creativity and innovation must include the arts.” [DNEP 2019, 4.6.2] Art education in music, “theatre, poetry, painting, drawing, sculpture, and vocational arts such as carpentry, embroidery/sewing/clothes-making” [DNEP 2019, 4.6.2.1] should develop aesthetic capacities and sensibilities. Pg32

National Curriculum Framework for School Education

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY (2020)

NATIONAL CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK (2023)

CREATIVITY AND AESTHETICS

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Kuchipudi Dance

Bharata Natyam

Yakshagana

Burrakatha

Kalamezhuthuephemeral, ritual performance art

Street performances based on mythology and traditions

Dussehra

The festival of Holi

The festival of Deepavali

KUCHIPUDI

BHARATA NATYAM

KALAMEZHUTHU

BURRAKATHA

DEEPAWALI

DUSSEHRA

STREET

PERFORMANCES

CREATIVITY AND AESTHETICS

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GURUKUL TO KARKHANA

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COLONIAL ART EDUCATION

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ROLE OF CULTURE IN PEDAGOGY

KUCHIPUDI

BHARATA NATYAM

KALAMEZHUTHU

BURRAKATHA

DEEPAWALI

DUSSEHRA

STREET

PERFORMANCES

RITUALS

STORY TELLING

FESTIVALS

FAMILY OCCASIONS

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CULTURAL REVIVALS IN INDIAN ART EDUCATION

REVIVALISM- In a search of Identity

Abanindranath Tagore, 1905

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CULTURAL INTERACTION IS DYNAMIC

Culture is not static, it is dynamic and is always in a state of flux.

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GLOBAL INFLUENCE ON INDIAN MODERNISM

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FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM

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PUSHPAMALA. N

VIVAN SUNDARAM

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15. CONTEMPORARY PEDAGOGICAL SHIFTS

16.KEY COMPETENCIES & CHALLENGES

17. GLOBAL PEDAGOGICAL TRENDS

18. AESTHETICS IN POSTMODERNISM & INDIA THOUGHT

19. CREATIVITY & ASSESSMENT

20. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS

Educators, therefore, must move beyond rigid benchmarks to champion inquiry, risk-taking, and diverse expressions. While assessment frameworks are necessary, they must be applied with sensitivity to art’s subjective and evolving nature. Pedagogy must affirm process as achievement and creativity as a situated, culturally responsive act—where unconventional ideas are nurtured, not penalised, as vital forces of artistic growth.

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Facts

  • Does India have a formal teacher education program in visual art at graduate or postgraduate level.
  • How artists developed their art is directly or indirectly related to their education, exposure/influences and practices.
  • How is art taught in art schools
  • How do lecturers teach in art schools.
  • What is teaching in art and design school based on.
  • What is the curriculum structure
  • What standards of assessments are used and what benchmarks to they have to confer a grade or mark?
  • Who are the assessors or markers and what criteria do they use
  • Do the students know what they need to do to achieve at a standard or a level they aim for?
  • How does a school/college/institute decide which level of study should contain what particular standard of work?
  • Do the teachers have professional development in pedagogy in art and design?
  • Where do authentic/industrial art practices sit with in art education?
  • What part of the skills or conceptual part taught at a particular level/year in the school/colleges.

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AS IF TO CELEBRATE I DISCOVERED A MOUNTAIN BLOOMING WITH RED FLOWERS, 1981

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PEDAGOGY (Greek paidos "boy, child" plus agogos "leader.")

PEDAGOGY (Greek paidos "boy, child" plus agogos "leader.")

Method of teaching.

Theory and practice of learning.

Approaches to learning and teaching.

Modes

Based on beliefs and customs.

Science of learning.

Styles of teaching

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What is the goal of Pedagogy

To build on students prior knowledge to develop their skills, understanding and attitudes.

Teacher Centered-(Passively receiving information from the teacher)

Learner centered-(Building on students prior knowledge)

Do the teachers/lecturers have an autonomy in their pedagogical practices?

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What is included in Pedagogy

Scaffolding

Reflective practice

Self-regulation

Collaboration

Coconstruction

Metacognition

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KARKHANAS

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The overarching vision of India is articulated in the Constitution of India. Drawing from this vision of India, the vision and purpose of education is articulated by the NEP 2020 as below:

“This National Education Policy envisions an education system rooted in Indian ethos that contributes directly to transforming India, that is Bharat, sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society, by providing high-quality education to all, and thereby making India a global knowledge superpower.” [NEP 2020, The Vision of this Policy]

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The purpose and aims of education have been detailed in NEP 2020:

“The purpose of the education system is to develop good human beings capable of rational thought and action, possessing compassion and empathy, courage and resilience, scientific temper and creative imagination, with sound ethical moorings and values. It aims at producing engaged, productive, and contributing citizens for building an equitable, inclusive, and plural society as envisaged by our Constitution.” [NEP 2020, Principles of this Policy]

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Action=derived from behaviours.

Behaviours=Attitudes+Perceptions(dispositions)

Values=Belief of what is right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate.

Motivation=values and dispositions.

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Objectives of this NCF

The overarching objective of this NCF is to help in positively transforming the school education system of India as envisioned in NEP 2020, through corresponding positive changes in the curriculum including pedagogy. In particular, the NCF aims to help change practices in education and not just ideas; indeed, since the word ‘curriculum’ encapsulates the overall experiences that a student has in school, ‘practices’ do not just refer to curricular content and pedagogy, but also include school environment and culture. It is this holistic overall transformation of the curriculum that will enable us to positively transform overall learning experiences for students.