Module 5: Network Integration Issues

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

Content

• Grid integration issues of Wind Power Plants

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

• To integrate large amounts of wind power into electricity grid, a number of issues need to be addressed, including design and operation of the power system, grid infrastructure issues, and grid connection of wind power,

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

A. Transient Stability and Power Quality Problems:

• Consider a grid-connected wind generator system. During a transient fault in the power network, the rotor speed of the wind generator goes very high, active power output goes very low, and terminal voltage goes very low or collapses.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

• The wind speed might be considered constant during a transient fault. According to grid code requirements, the voltage level should not be less than 85% of the rated voltage. Usually the wind generator is shut down during these emergency situations.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

Slide Title

• Recent tradition is not to shut down the wind generator during a network fault but to keep it connected to the grid through appropriate power electronics control. In other words, the wind generators should have fault ride-through (FRT) capability. This clearly indicates that wind generator stabilization is necessary during network faults.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

B. Variability of Wind Power:

• Wind energy does not suddenly trip the system off. Variations are smoother because there are hundreds or thousands of units rather than a few large power stations, making it easier for the system operator to predict and manage changes in supply.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

• Especially in large, interconnected grids, there is little overall impact if the wind stops blowing in one particular place. Predictability is key in managing wind power‘s variability, and significant advances have been made to improve forecasting methods.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

• Today, wind power prediction is quite accurate for aggregated wind farms. Using increasingly sophisticated weather forecasts, wind power generation models, and statistical analysis, it is possible to predict generation from 5-minute to hourly intervals over time scales up to 72 hours in advance and for seasonal and annual periods.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

C. Power, Frequency, and Voltage Fluctuations Due to Random Wind Speed Variation:

• Due to random wind speed variation, wind generator output power, frequency, and terminal voltage fluctuate. In other words, power quality of the wind generator deteriorates. However, consumers need constant voltage and frequency. Thus, frequency, grid voltage, and transmission line power should be maintained constant.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 1. Voltage operating range: The wind turbines are required to operate within typical grid voltage variations.

​

• 2. Frequency operating range: The wind turbines are required to operate within typical grid frequency variations.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 3. Active power control: Several grid codes require wind farms to provide active power control to ensure a stable frequency in the system and to prevent overloading of lines. Also, wind turbines are required to respond with a ramp rate in the desired range.
• 4. Frequency control: Several grid codes require wind farms to provide frequency regulation capability to help maintain the desired network frequency.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 5. Voltage control: Grid codes require that individual wind turbines control their own terminal voltage to a constant value by means of an automatic voltage regulator.
• 6. Reactive power control: The wind farms are required to provide dynamic reactive power control capability to maintain the reactive power balance and the power factor in the desired range.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 7. Low-voltage ride-through (LVRT): In the event of voltage sag, the wind turbines are required to remain connected for a specific amount of time before being allowed to disconnect. In addition, some utilities require that the wind turbines help support grid voltage during faults.

​

• 8. High-voltage ride-through (HVRT): In the event that the voltage goes above its upper limit value, the wind turbines should be capable of staying online for a given length of time.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 9. Power quality: Wind farms are required to provide the electric power with a desired quality, such as maintaining constant voltage or voltage fluctuations in the desired range or maintaining voltage–current harmonics in the desired range.

​

• 10. Wind farm modelling and verification: Some grid codes require wind farm owners and developers to provide models and system data to enable the system operator to investigate by simulations the interaction between the wind farm and the power system. They also require installation of monitoring equipment to verify the actual behaviour of the wind farm during faults and to check the model.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

D. Grid Connection Requirements:

• 11. Communications and external control: The wind farm operators are required to provide signals corresponding to a number of parameters important for the system operator to enable proper operation of the power system. Moreover, it must be possible to connect and disconnect the wind turbines remotely.

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

Slide Title

Product A

• Feature 1
• Feature 2
• Feature 3

Product B

• Feature 1
• Feature 2
• Feature 3

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

www.free-power-point-templates.com