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ACTIVE BYSTANDERSHIP FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Welcome
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Active Bystandership
Peer Intervention
What comes to mind when you hear….
Active Bystandership
Peer Intervention
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Get in the Zone!
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Philosophy
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Preventing Harm
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To our officers
To individuals and the community
and
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Bonds Forged by Profession
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YOU GO!
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
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Case Study: Officer Lopez
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Case Study: Detective Jensen
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Case Study: Sergeant McDonald
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Reflecting on Loyalty
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ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
TABLE TEAM ACTIVITY
Loyalty to your Colleagues
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© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
The Best Person to Help an Officer…
Is another officer with awareness, skills, and courage.
Officers help each other no matter what, and this should include stopping harmful behavior.
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ABLE
WHAT IS IT?
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The Three Pillars of ABLE
Prevent Misconduct
Promote Health & Wellness
Reduce Mistakes
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
ABLE Training Prepares Officers to:
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What is a Bystander?
A witness who is in a position to know that there is a need for positive action and is in a position to take some form of action.
Dr. Ervin Staub
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ABLE Is About…
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ABLE Is NOT About
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INTERNAL AFFAIRS
DISCIPLINE
MEDIATION
REPORTING
!
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Active Bystandership Focuses on the Rest of Us
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We can all be courageous interveners with practice…
…and ethically challenged people are more likely to change their behavior in a culture where active bystandership is expected and practiced.
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
What was one of the country’s first successful peer intervention programs?
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Other Successful Bystandership Programs
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Bystandership in Law Enforcement
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
ABLE
WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Risks of Policing
We train for the physical risks of the job, as we should, but what are the risks we don’t train for?
ABLE makes sure we are prepared to deal with ALL of the risks facing us.
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2016-2020: Line of Duty Deaths and Suicide
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Line of Duty Deaths
Suicide
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Primary and Secondary Trauma
Primary trauma is caused by firsthand experiences, on the job and/or in your personal history.
Secondary trauma is caused by exposure to the traumatic experiences of others, including crime victims, your colleagues, and anyone else whose traumatic experiences you are exposed to.
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“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
- Aristotle
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Effects of Primary and Secondary Trauma in Policing
What can it look like?
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Bystandership Can Help Counter the Risks of Policing…
SUICIDE
DEPRESSION
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The suicide risk for law enforcement is 54% greater than the American public in general.
According to HHS, the risk of depression in officers is double that of the general population.
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
… and the Impact on Families of �Officers
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© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
What’s in It for Me?
Prevent Misconduct
Promote Health & Wellness
Reduce Mistakes
Death or injury in line of duty
Discipline
Investigations
Harm to family
Criminal prosecutions
Lawsuits
Careers derailed
Harm to family
Stress-related health issues
Suicide
Harm to family
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
ABLE
WHY DOES IT WORK?
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Reflecting on Interventions
Based on your own experience…
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TABLE TEAM ACTIVITY
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Two Types of Bystandership
PASSIVE
Active bystanders step forward, speak up, and take action.
Through their actions, active bystanders can encourage others to intervene.
ACTIVE
Passive bystanders fail to intervene or discourage intervention by modeling passivity.
A failure to act can communicate acceptance or even support for the misconduct, thus turning passive bystanders into complicit bystanders.
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vs
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The Power of the Bystander
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Understanding the Science Underlying Active Bystandership
Experiments
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Quiz 1
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Experiment 1
Darley and Latané
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Quiz 1
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What Do You Think?
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Subject thinks:
85%
62%
31%
Quiz 1
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What Does This Help Us Understand?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Quiz 1
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Experiment 2�Darley and Batson
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Quiz 1
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What Do You Think?
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63%
10%
Quiz 1
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What Does This Help Us Understand?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Quiz 1
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Experiment 3�Stanley Milgram
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Quiz 1
What percentage of subjects continue past…
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What Do You Think?
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85%
75%
62.5%
Quiz 1
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What Does This Help Us Understand?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Quiz 1
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Experiment 4�Ervin Staub
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Three scenarios:
Quiz 1
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What Do You Think?
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
67%
100%
25%
Quiz 1
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What Does This Help Us Understand?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
We Commit to Intervene When We See...
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What Do You Think?
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What might motivate someone to intervene to stop harm?
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
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And the Experts Say…
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© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
What Are the Inhibitors?
The truth is, many of us don’t intervene as consistently as we think we do. Why is that?
Compile a list of things that could inhibit a law enforcement officer from intervening in a colleague’s conduct.
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TABLE TEAM ACTIVITY
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
And the Experts Say…
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Other Potential Inhibitors
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STARS, STRIPES, AND STRESS
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Let’s Discuss…
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
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Who Is Harmed When We Fail to Intervene?
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What Kinds of Harm Do We See?
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
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ABLE is a Set of Skills and Tactics That:
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The Good News Is…
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Active Bystandership can be
learned.
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ABLE
WHEN & HOW DO I INTERVENE?
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What Do You Notice?
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Three Steps of ABLE
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Notice
Decide
Act
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Step 1
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Notice
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Early Is Best, but Better Late than Never
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Harm Inflicted
Difficulty of Intervention
Before Event
Early in the Event
After Event
Later in the Event
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Behavior is Shaped By�Two Aspects of Awareness
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PEOPLE
AND SITUATION
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Let’s Focus on the People
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SITUATION
SELF, OTHER
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Self & Other
We bring positive aspects of ourselves to everything we do, including our:
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But under stress…
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The Emotional Brain
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Flooding or Amygdala Hijack
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“Amygdala hijack” coined by Daniel Goleman
Feeling or mammalian brain
Amygdala
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�What Am I Feeling in an Amygdala Hijack?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
What are the indicators that we’re experiencing excessive, chronic stress?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
What Can I Do to Self-Calm?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Your Breath Under Stress
- Tighten our core
- Shallow our breathing
- Hasten our breathing
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Lungs
Diaphragm
Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Quality Breath
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Lungs
Diaphragm
Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission
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Let’s Focus on Situation
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SITUATION
SELF, OTHER
Situational Triggers
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
What Might Motivate Harmful Action?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Three Steps of ABLE: �“Notice” Recap
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Step 2
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Notice
Decide
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DECIDE
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What other skills from your police training do you already have to help you decide to act? How can you apply those skills in these situations?
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
In this class, we’ve already discussed a few things that help you make good decisions…
From Notice to Decide…
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Wide Focus
People
Narrow Focus
Individual Behaviors
Wide Focus
Whole Scene
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
It Doesn’t Take Long
Ask yourself:
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Quick Decision-making
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Step 3
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Notice
Decide
Act
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What Makes an Intervention Work?
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TABLE TEAM ACTIVITY
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Early Interventions
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Harm Inflicted
Difficulty of Intervention
Before Event
Early in the Event
After Event
Later in the Event
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Act – At the Earliest Signs of Stress�Step 1: Prepare
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- Your job is not to “fix” or “solve” – it’s to listen
- Short term pain is long term gain
- Private and when the other person is available
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Act – At the Earliest Signs of Stress�Step 2: Have the Conversation
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How to Show Up (Non-Verbal) | How to Communicate (Verbal) |
| |
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Interventions to prevent harm
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Harm Inflicted
Difficulty of Intervention
Before Event
Early in the Event
Later in the Event
After Event
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3 Tactical Options
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DIRECT
DISTRACT
DELEGATE
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Distract the Person Needing an Intervention
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Delegate the Intervention to an Ally
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Directly Address or Interrupt the Behavior
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Let’s Watch…
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Training Exercise
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Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission
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What Did You Notice?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Direct: �Agency Reminder Word
Examples:
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First Role Play
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ROLE PLAY ACTIVITY
What are we practicing?
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Let’s Debrief
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- What did you notice that indicated an intervention was required?
- How did you determine when and how to intervene?
© 2020 Georgetown University Law Center
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Second Role Play: Notice, Decide, Act
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ROLE PLAY ACTIVITY
What are we practicing?
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Let’s Debrief
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- What did you notice that indicated an intervention was required?
- How did you determine when and how to intervene?
© 2020 Georgetown University Law Center
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Later Intervention to Stop Harm
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Harm Inflicted
Difficulty of Intervention
Before Event
Early in the Event
Later in the Event
After Event
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Intervention Escalation Model
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PACT
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PROBE: “I believe these storms are colliding – why are we attempting to fly between them?”
ALERT: “Captain, there is no longer room between these storms – I believe it is unsafe to attempt this approach.”
CHALLENGE: “Captain, making this approach is dangerous and unnecessary – you must reevaluate your approach decision.”
TAKE ACTION: “Tom, this approach puts us all at risk of an accident – if you do not change course immediately, I will take control of the aircraft!”
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Adapted from Dr Robert O Besco, Captain, American Airlines (ret.)
PACT
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Probe
Alert
Challenge
Take
Action
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LARGE GROUP ACTIVITY
What About These Situations?
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Harm Inflicted
Difficulty of Intervention
Before Event
Early in the Event
Later in the Event
After Event
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Acting – After the Event
- What led to the need for the intervention?
- Do you need more support?
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If you intervened…
If you received an intervention…
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Acting – After the Event
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If you didn’t intervene but you should have…
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Third Role Play: PACT
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ROLE PLAY ACTIVITY
What are we practicing?
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Let’s Debrief
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Fourth Role Play: PACT
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ROLE PLAY ACTIVITY
What are we practicing?
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Let’s Debrief
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
Let’s Return to Our Case Studies
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What Has Changed?
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Active Bystandership
Peer Intervention
Active Bystandership
Peer Intervention
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
ABLE
WHAT’S NEXT?
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Commitments Made by Agency
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© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Department-Wide �Implementation
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Leadership embraces ABLE
Supervisors support active bystandership
Field Training Officers embody ABLE
Part of daily life of units in the field
ABLE infused in training
Internal Affairs protects officers who intervene
Recruit ABLE-minded officers
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
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Affirming the trust and responsibility we put in each other’s hands…
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Promoting ABLE
What can you do to help promote ABLE within the agency and within the community?
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LARGE GROUP DISCUSSION
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
“The world is in greater peril from those who tolerate or encourage evil than from those who actually commit it.”
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Albert Einstein
© 2021 Georgetown University Law Center
Get to know your EAP Contact!
To learn more about ABLE, visit:
www.Law.Georgetown.edu/ABLE
Thank you! �Please complete the post-training survey found here:
https://bit.ly/ABLEpost-survey
Point your smartphone’s camera at the QR code and click the link that appears, or enter the below URL in your web browser: