ANNONACEAE
SYSTEMMATIC POSITION
Division:Spermatophyta
Sub-Division: Angiosperms
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass: Polypetalae
Series: Thalamiflorae
Order: Ranales
Family : Annonaceae
Dr.B.Adinarayana
Department of Botany
Government Degree College
Rajampeta
Representatives: 108 genera; 2400 species
Distribution: Tropical in distribution; few temparaate
Habitat: Mesophytic
Habit : Shrubs, trees
Trees- Polyalthia
Shrub – Annona squamosa
Hook climber – Artabotrys, uvaria
Anatomical: aromatic wood due to oil passages in stem in the
parenchyma cells.
Growth: Monopodial – Polyalthia, Sympodial – Artabotrys
Root: Tap, deep and extensively branched.
Stem: Erect, branched, solid, woody, sometimes woody climbers.
Leaves : Simple, entire, alternate, exstipulate, distichous, gland
dotted. petiolate with entire margin. Short petiole;
bifarious/ distichous in arrangement
ANNONA
ANNONA
ARTOBOTRYS
ARTOBOTRYS
Polyalthia
B. Floral characters:� Inflorescence: solitary/ fascicles. � Cauliflorous – Polyalthia � Peduncle modified to hook – Artabotrys �
Flower: Greenish yellow- brown, pedicellate, Bisexual,
Actinomorphic, dichlamydeous, hemicyclic, hypogynous &
Trimerous. Zygomorphic – Monodora (size of petals vary)
Calyx & corolla distinguished by size only. So Perianth.
Calyx: Sepals 3, sepaloid, polysepalous, connate at the base, valvate.
Corolla: Petals 3 or 6, polypetalous with valvate aestivation. Imbricate in some. Petals
thick & fleshy.
Sepals triangular in shape.
Androecium: Stamens numerous, free, spirally arranged, closely packed at
basal part of thalamus. Filament short & thick, with adnate
bithecous anther . Stamens numerous spirally arranged on the axis which forms a large convex receptacle,
Dehiscence longitudinal & extrorse. Connective is prolonged above the anthers to
form an elongation called hood – so, hooded stamens.
Gynoecium: Carpels numerous or a few, usually free, spirally arranged on the raised receptacle, apocarpous, superior, unicarpellary, unilocular; ovules one to many, anatropous; style short or none, stigma small, Monodora (Africa) with syncarpous ovary and parietal placentation.
Fruit: - Aggregate fruit; etaerio of berries. Annona – Aggregate fruit
Etaerio of berries – Cananga, Polyalthia
An aggregate of berries, united to form a single compound fruit (Annona squamosa).
Seed:- Large, numerous, often embedded in a copious, white fleshy pulp,
endospermic., hard testa,
Tegmen produced to numerous infoldings into the endosperm – Ruminate endosperm .Embryo small.
Pollination:
Entomophilous, due to gaudy and scented flowers.
Floral formula:
Annona squamosa
Habit: A small tree.
Root: Tap, branched.
Stem: Aerial, woody, branched.
Leaf: Simple, alternate, exstipulate, entire, oblanceolate, obtuse.
Artobotrys
Androecium:Stamens numerous, spirally arranged on a conical receptacle, filaments short, anthets oblong, adnated, and appendaged.
Gynoecium: Multicarpellary, apocarpous, spirally arranged, superior, each unilocular, ovule one, basal placentation, style short, stigma long, tapering, papillose.
Fruit: An etario of berries.
Inflorescence: A xillary, two or more flowers arise in the axil of each leaf.
Flower: Bracteate, hermaphrodite, complete, actinomorphic, spirocyclic,
hypogynous.
Calyx: Sepals three, polysepalous, united at the base, valvate.
Corolla:Petals three, polypetalous, fleshy, pale-yellow, valvate.
Floral formula:
Artobotrys uncinatus
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ANNONACEAE
Edible fruits are also obtained from various species of Annona and Asimina.
2.Timber: Bocagea virgata, B. laurifolia, Cyathocalyx zeylanicus, Duguetia quitarensis, Oxandra lanceolata and Eupomatia laurina yield useful timber.
3. Oil: The flowers of Desmos chinensis furnish ‘Macassar oil’ a perfume. The perfume is also obtained from Mkilua fragrans and specially liked by Arab women.
4. Fibre: The bark of Goniothalamus wightii produces strong fibres.
5. Ornamental: Artabotrys odoratissimus and Annona discolor are grown in garden for their scented flowers. Desmes chinensis is an ornamental tree.