Postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: comparing proactive (prophylactic) versus reactive management after ileocecal resection — a multicenter retrospective study
Luisa Bertin, Beatrice Masoni, Sara Ferretti, Alessandro Armuzzi, Chiara Bezzio, Marco Zanconato, Giulia Semprucci, D.G. Ribaldone, Andrea Capello, Giacomo Bodini, Andrea Pasta, Francesco Calabrese, Luca Ceccarelli, Francesca Costa, Lorenzo Bertani, Marco Marino, Luca Navarria, Giuseppe Benevento, Riccardo Sablich, Marta Ascolani, Andrea Buda, Giuseppe Riguccio, Nicola Merlini, Elena Dal Pont, Davide Canova, Edoardo V. Savarino, Federica Zingone
Introduction
Background & Objectives
HBI Harvey–Bradshaw Index; SES-CD Simple Endoscopic Score for CD; FC fecal calprotectin; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval.. 1. Nguyen et al 2017. 2. Gionchetti et al 2017. 3. Moran et al 2025
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
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Methods
ILEOCECAL
RESECTION
n=895
Reactive Approach
n=543
Proactive Approach
n=543
3 Months
Fecal Calprotectin
6-12 Months
Fecal Calprotectin�Endoscopy
IUS / MRI
18-24 Months
HBI
Fecal Calprotectin�Endoscopy
IUS / MRI
End of follow-up
Surgical recurrence
Results: Baseline demographics
3
Characteristic | Proactive strategy �n = 352 | Reactive strategy �n = 543 | p-value | |
Male sex, n (%) | 217 (61.6) | 311 (57.3) | 0.194 | |
Age at diagnosis (median [IQR]), years | 27 [20.7–38.0] | 30 [23.0–41.5] | <0.001 | |
Smoking history, n (%) | | | | |
Non-smoker | 174 (49.4) | 260 (48.4) | 0.244 | |
Current smoker | 15 (4.3) | 115 (21.4) | ||
Former smoker | 153 (25.8) | 153 (28.5) | ||
History of smoking (n, %) | 178 (50.6) | 266 (49.0) | ||
Disease location, n (%) | | |||
Ileal | 178 (50.6) | 266 (49.0) | 0.707 | |
Colonic | 8 (2.3) | 17 (3.1) | ||
Ileo-colonic | 166 (47.2) | 257 (47.9) | ||
Disease behaviour, n (%) | | |||
Inflammatory | 12 (3.4) | 22 (4.1) | 0.826 | |
Stricturing | 136 (38.6) | 215 (39.6) | ||
Penetrating | 204 (58.0) | 306 (56.3) | ||
History of perianal disease, n (%) | 82 (23.3) | 149 (27.4) | 0.505 | |
Previous IBD-Related Intestinal Resection, n (%) | 118 (33.5) | 149 (27.4) | 0.052 | |
Exposure to biologics, n (%) | 147 (41.8) | 174 (32.0) | 0.003 | |
Patients with ≥1 clinical risk factor for POR, n (%) | 263 (74.7) | 384 (70.7) | 0.192 | |
Characteristic | Proactive strategy�n = 352 | Reactive strategy�n = 543 | p-value |
Age at surgery (median [IQR]), years | 39 [29–49] | 40 [30–53] | 0.009 |
Disease duration at surgery (median [IQR]), years | 7 [1–15] | 5 [1–14] | 0.117 |
Smoking at time of surgery, n (%) | |||
– Stopped smoking | 48 (13.6) | 75 (13.8) | 0.773 |
– Continued smoking | 66 (18.8) | 105 (19.3) | |
Indication for index surgery, n (%) | | ||
– CD refractory to medical treatment | 36 (10.3) | 51 (9.9) | 0.221 |
– Symptomatic stricture | 229 (65.4) | 323 (59.9) | |
– Phlegmon/abscess | 11 (3.1) | 29 (5.3) | |
– Fistula | 49 (14.0) | 74 (13.7) | |
– Bowel perforation | 6 (1.7) | 13 (2.4) | |
– Uncontrollable bleeding | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | |
– Neoplasia | 10 (2.8) | 17 (3.1) | |
Large intestinal resection (≥50 cm), n (%) | 120 (34.1) | 187 (37.4) | 0.579 |
Total postoperative complications, n (%) | 63 (17.9) | 72 (13.4) | 0.741 |
Postoperative complications, type (n, %) | | ||
– Wound infection | 10 (2.7) | 16 (2.9) | 0.741 |
– Anastomotic leak | 13 (3.7) | 17 (2.7) | |
– Bleeding | 7 (2.0) | 12 (2.2) | |
– Stricture | 16 (4.5) | 22 (4.1) | |
– Intra-abdominal sepsis | 16 (4.5) | 22 (4.1) | |
– Other | 11 (2.9) | 22 (2.9) | |
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
Results: 6-12 months postoperatively
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
4
Primary outcome:
Endoscopic recurrence 6-12 months postoperatively
Reactive approach:
OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.0 – 2.1, p=0.048) for endoscopic recurrence
Secondary outcomes:
6-12 months postoperatively
Characteristic | Proactive strategy�n = 352 | Reactive strategy�n = 543 | p-value |
Early biochemical recurrence ~3 months �(FC ≥150 μg/g, n (%)) | 21 (42.9) | 37 (60.7) | 0.063 |
Clinical recurrence ~6–12 months �(HBI ≥5, n (%)) | 57 (24.3) | 134 (38.1) | <0.001 |
Biochemical recurrence ~6–12 months �(FC ≥150 μg/g, n (%)) | 65 (35.9) | 114 (50.0) | 0.004 |
Endoscopic recurrence ~6–12 months �(SES-CD ≥3 or Rutgeerts ≥2, n (%)) | 111 (56.1) | 203 (64.9) | 0.047 |
Severe endoscopic recurrence ~6–12 months (SES-CD ≥16 or Rutgeerts ≥3, n (%)) | 49 (24.7) | 104 (33.2) | 0.041 |
Radiological recurrence ~6–12 months (n, %) | 70 (49.0) | 122 (52.8) | 0.468 |
Any CD complication ~6–12 months (n, %) | 29 (8.2) | 46 (8.5) | 0.902 |
Proactive
Reactive
64.9%
56.1%
p = 0.047
Results: 18-24 months postoperatively
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
5
Predictors of postoperative recurrence
Secondary outcomes: 18-24 months postoperatively
Characteristic | Proactive strategy�n = 352 | Reactive strategy�n = 543 | p-value |
Clinical remission ~18–24 months �(HBI ≤4, n (%)) | 183 (76.3) | 258 (69.2) | 0.057 |
Biochemical remission ~18–24 months �(FC <150 μg/g, n (%)) | 129 (66.5) | 172 (61.9) | 0.304 |
Endoscopic remission at second endoscopy after surgery months �(SES-CD <3 or Rutgeerts <2; n (%)) | 44 (31.9) | 71 (33.8) | 0.709 |
Radiological remission ~18–24 months (n, %) | 76 (47.5) | 115 (44.6) | 0.559 |
Any CD complication ~18–24 months (n, %) | 39 (11.1) | 63 (11.6) | 0.838 |
Recurrent surgery during follow-up (n, %) | 35 (9.9) | 63 (11.6) | 0.438 |
Endoscopic dilation (n, %) | 21 (6.0) | 24 (4.4) | 0.301 |
Follow-up time (median [IQR]), months | 80.0 [40–137] | 78.0 [46–139] | 0.389 |
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI Lower Bound | 95% CI Upper Bound | p-value |
Sex (Male=0) | 1.075 | 0.710 | 1.627 | 0.747 |
Age at diagnosis ≤16 years old (A1, Montreal classification) | 1.274 | 0.637 | 2.547 | 0.493 |
Ileal localization (L1, Montreal classification) | 0.346 | 0.222 | 0.542 | <0.001 |
Penetrating behaviour (B3, Montreal classification) | 1.250 | 0.824 | 1.896 | 0.294 |
History of perianal disease | 1.580 | 1.040 | 2.398 | 0.032 |
Previous IBD-related intestinal resection | 5.565 | 3.617 | 8.567 | <0.001 |
Bio-exposed before surgery | 1.233 | 0.817 | 1.860 | 0.320 |
≥1 known clinical POR risk factor | 8.680 | 3.497 | 21.544 | <0.001 |
Number of postoperative recurrence known risk factors | 2.422 | 1.992 | 2.944 | <0.001 |
Disease duration at index surgery (years) | 1.064 | 1.008 | 1.123 | 0.045 |
Age at index surgery (years) | 1.014 | 1.004 | 1.024 | 0.005 |
Bowel perforation as an indication for surgery | 2.580 | 1.291 | 5.158 | 0.007 |
Large intestinal resection (≥50 cm) | 1.493 | 0.965 | 2.309 | 0.073 |
Post-operative complications (within 30 days from surgery) | 1.419 | 0.853 | 2.360 | 0.229 |
Smoking both before and after surgery | 1.844 | 1.157 | 2.941 | 0.010 |
Conclusions
Significance to clinical practice
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
6
Récidive postopératoire de la maladie de Crohn : comparaison d’une prise en charge proactive (prophylactique) versus réactive après résection iléocæcale — étude rétrospective multicentrique
Luisa Bertin, Beatrice Masoni, Sara Ferretti, Alessandro Armuzzi, Chiara Bezzio, Marco Zanconato, Giulia Semprucci, D.G. Ribaldone, Andrea Capello, Giacomo Bodini, Andrea Pasta, Francesco Calabrese, Luca Ceccarelli, Francesca Costa, Lorenzo Bertani, Marco Marino, Luca Navarria, Giuseppe Benevento, Riccardo Sablich, Marta Ascolani, Andrea Buda, Giuseppe Riguccio, Nicola Merlini, Elena Dal Pont, Davide Canova, Edoardo V. Savarino, Federica Zingone
Introduction
Contexte et objectifs
HBI = Harvey–Bradshaw Index; SES-CD = Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease; FC = calprotectine fécale; OR = rapport de cotes; CI = intervalle de confiance.
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
8
Methods
RÉSECTION ILÉOCÆCALE
n=895
Approche reactive n=543
Approche proactive
n=543
3 mois
Calprotectine fécale
6-12 mois
Calprotectine fécale, endoscopie, échographie intestinale (IUS) / IRM
18-24 mois
HBI,
calprotectine fécale, endoscopie,
IUS / IRM
Fin du suivi
Récidive chirurgicale
Résultats : caractéristiques de base
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Caractéristique | Stratégie proactive n = 352 | Stratégie réactive n = 543 | p-value | |
Sexe masculin, n (%) | 217 (61,6) | 311 (57,3) | 0,194 | |
Âge au diagnostic, médiane [IQR], années | 27 [20,7–38,0] | 30 [23,0–41,5] | <0,001 | |
Antécédents tabagiques, n (%) | | | | |
Non-fumeur | 174 (49,4) | 260 (48,4) | 0,244 | |
Fumeur actuel | 15 (4,3) | 115 (21,4) | ||
Ancien fumeur | 153 (25,8) | 153 (28,5) | ||
Antécédent de tabagisme, n (%) | 178 (50,6) | 266 (49,0) | ||
Localisation de la maladie, n (%) | | |||
Iléale | 178 (50,6) | 266 (49,0) | 0,707 | |
Colique | 8 (2,3) | 17 (3,1) | ||
Iléocolique | 166 (47,2) | 257 (47,9) | ||
Comportement de la maladie, n (%) | | |||
Inflammatoire | 12 (3,4) | 22 (4,1) | 0,826 | |
Sténosante | 136 (38,6) | 215 (39,6) | ||
Perforante | 204 (58,0) | 306 (56,3) | ||
Antécédent de maladie périanale, n (%) | 82 (23,3) | 149 (27,4) | 0,505 | |
Résection intestinale liée à la MII antérieure, n (%) | 118 (33,5) | 149 (27,4) | 0,052 | |
Exposition préalable aux biothérapies, n (%) | 147 (41,8) | 174 (32,0) | 0,003 | |
≥1 facteur de risque clinique de récidive postopératoire, n (%) | 263 (74,7) | 384 (70,7) | 0,192 | |
Caractéristique | Stratégie proactive n = 352 | Stratégie réactive n = 543 | p-value |
Âge à la chirurgie, médiane [IQR], années | 39 [29–49] | 40 [30–53] | 0,009 |
Durée de la maladie au moment de la chirurgie, médiane [IQR], années | 7 [1–15] | 5 [1–14] | 0,117 |
Tabagisme au moment de la chirurgie, n (%) | |||
– Arrêt du tabac | 48 (13,6) | 75 (13,8) | 0,773 |
– Poursuite du tabac | 66 (18,8) | 105 (19,3) | |
Indication de la chirurgie index, n (%) | | ||
– MC réfractaire au traitement médical | 36 (10,3) | 51 (9,9) | 0,221 |
– Sténose symptomatique | 229 (65,4) | 323 (59,9) | |
– Phlegmon / abcès | 11 (3,1) | 29 (5,3) | |
– Fistule | 49 (14,0) | 74 (13,7) | |
– Perforation intestinale | 6 (1,7) | 13 (2,4) | |
– Hémorragie incontrôlée | 1 (0,3) | 2 (0,4) | |
– Néoplasie | 10 (2,8) | 17 (3,1) | |
Résection intestinale étendue (≥50 cm), n (%) | 120 (34,1) | 187 (37,4) | 0,579 |
Complications postopératoires totales, n (%) | 63 (17,9) | 72 (13,4) | 0,741 |
Complications postopératoires, type (n, %) | | ||
– Infection de paroi | 10 (2,7) | 16 (2,9) | 0,741 |
– Fuite anastomotique | 13 (3,7) | 17 (2,7) | |
– Hémorragie | 7 (2,0) | 12 (2,2) | |
– Sténose | 16 (4,5) | 22 (4,1) | |
– Sepsis intra-abdominal | 16 (4,5) | 22 (4,1) | |
– Autre | 11 (2,9) | 22 (2,9) | |
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
Résultats : 6–12 mois postopératoires
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
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Critère d’évaluation principal :
Récidive endoscopique de 6 à 12 mois postopératoires
Approche reactive :
RC 1,45 (IC à 95 % : 1,0–2,1 ; p=0,048) pour la récidive endoscopique
Critères d’évaluation secondaires :
6–12 mois postopératoires
Caractéristique | Stratégie proactive �n = 352 | Stratégie réactive �n = 543 | p-value |
Récidive biochimique précoce ~3 mois (CF ≥150 µg/g, n (%)) | 21 (42,9) | 37 (60,7) | 0,063 |
Récidive clinique ~6–12 mois (HBI ≥5, n (%)) | 57 (24,3) | 134 (38,1) | <0,001 |
Récidive biochimique ~6–12 mois (CF ≥150 µg/g, n (%)) | 65 (35,9) | 114 (50,0) | 0,004 |
Récidive endoscopique ~6–12 mois (SES-CD ≥3 ou Rutgeerts ≥2, n (%)) | 111 (56,1) | 203 (64,9) | 0,047 |
Récidive endoscopique sévère ~6–12 mois (SES-CD ≥16 ou Rutgeerts ≥3, n (%)) | 49 (24,7) | 104 (33,2) | 0,041 |
Récidive radiologique ~6–12 mois (n (%)) | 70 (49,0) | 122 (52,8) | 0,468 |
Toute complication liée à la MC ~6–12 mois (n (%)) | 29 (8,2) | 46 (8,5) | 0,902 |
Proactive
Réactive
64.9%
56.1%
p = 0,047
Résultats : 18–24 mois postopératoires
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
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Predictors of postoperative recurrence
Critères d’évaluation secondaires : 18–24 mois postopératoires
Caractéristique | Stratégie proactive �n = 352 | Stratégie réactive �n = 543 | p-value |
Rémission clinique ~18–24 mois (HBI ≤4, n (%)) | 183 (76,3) | 258 (69,2) | 0,057 |
Rémission biochimique ~18–24 mois (CF <150 µg/g, n (%)) | 129 (66,5) | 172 (61,9) | 0,304 |
Rémission endoscopique à la deuxième endoscopie après la chirurgie (SES-CD <3 ou Rutgeerts <2, n (%)) | 44 (31,9) | 71 (33,8) | 0,709 |
Rémission radiologique ~18–24 mois (n, %) | 76 (47,5) | 115 (44,6) | 0,559 |
Toute complication liée à la MC ~18–24 mois (n, %) | 39 (11,1) | 63 (11,6) | 0,838 |
Nouvelle chirurgie au cours du suivi (n, %) | 35 (9,9) | 63 (11,6) | 0,438 |
Dilatation endoscopique (n, %) | 21 (6,0) | 24 (4,4) | 0,301 |
Durée du suivi (médiane [IIQ]), mois | 80,0 [40–137] | 78,0 [46–139] | 0,389 |
Variable | Rapport de cotes | IC à 95 % – limite inférieure | IC à 95 % – limite supérieure | p-value |
Sexe (homme = 0) | 1,075 | 0,710 | 1,627 | 0,747 |
Âge au diagnostic ≤16 ans (A1, classification de Montréal) | 1,274 | 0,637 | 2,547 | 0,493 |
Localisation iléale (L1, classification de Montréal) | 0,346 | 0,222 | 0,542 | <0,001 |
Comportement pénétrant (B3, classification de Montréal) | 1,250 | 0,824 | 1,896 | 0,294 |
Antécédent de maladie périanale | 1,580 | 1,040 | 2,398 | 0,032 |
Résection intestinale liée aux MII antérieure | 5,565 | 3,617 | 8,567 | <0,001 |
Exposition à un biologique avant la chirurgie | 1,233 | 0,817 | 1,860 | 0,320 |
≥1 facteur de risque clinique connu de récidive postopératoire (POR) | 8,680 | 3,497 | 21,544 | <0,001 |
Nombre de facteurs de risque connus de récidive postopératoire | 2,422 | 1,992 | 2,944 | <0,001 |
Durée de la maladie au moment de la chirurgie index (années) | 1,064 | 1,008 | 1,123 | 0,045 |
Âge à la chirurgie index (années) | 1,014 | 1,004 | 1,024 | 0,005 |
Perforation intestinale comme indication de la chirurgie | 2,580 | 1,291 | 5,158 | 0,007 |
Résection du côlon/du gros intestin (≥50 cm) | 1,493 | 0,965 | 2,309 | 0,073 |
Complications postopératoires (dans les 30 jours suivant la chirurgie) | 1,419 | 0,853 | 2,360 | 0,229 |
Tabagisme avant et après la chirurgie | 1,844 | 1,157 | 2,941 | 0,010 |
Conclusions
Pertinence pour la pratique clinique
Bertin L, et al. UEGW 2025; Abstract [3125].
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