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VINOD A V,

PGT Mathematics,

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,

Thrissur-KERALA

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DETERMINANTS

  • Only square matrices have determinants.

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Determinant of a matrix of order one

Let A = [a] be the matrix of order 1, then determinant of A is defined to be equal to a.

 

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Determinant of a matrix of order two

 

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Example

Determinant of a matrix of order two

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Determinant of a matrix of order three can be determined by expressing it in terms of second order determinants. This is known as expansion of a determinant along a row (or a column).  

 

Determinant of a matrix of order 3

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Step 4

Now the expansion of determinant of A, that is, | A | written as sum of all three terms obtained in steps 1, 2 and 3 above is given by

 

 

 

Example

 

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MINORS AND COFACTORS

Minor of an element

To each element of a square matrix, a number called its minor is associated.

The minor of an element is the value of the determinant obtained by deleting the row and column containing the element.

 

 

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Examples:

 

 

Remark Minor of an element of a square matrix of order n(n ≥ 2) is a determinant of

order n – 1.

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Cofactor of an element

 

 

 

Minors and Cofactors

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Note:-

 

 

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  • If elements of a row (or column) are multiplied with cofactors of any other row (or column), then their sum is zero.

 

 

 

 

 

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Example