Abdominal cavity | Anatomical position |
Anatomy | Anterior |
A standard reference position where the body stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. | The body cavity containing the stomach, intestines, liver, and other digestive organs. |
The front of the body or toward the front. | The study of the structure of the human body. |
Atoms | Cardiovascular System |
Cells | Cellular composition |
The organ system that includes the heart and blood vessels, responsible for circulating blood and oxygen. | The smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element. |
The characteristic of living things being made up of cells. | The basic structural and functional units of life. |
Concentration gradient | Control group |
Controls | Cranial cavity |
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison. | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space. |
The body cavity that houses the brain. | Variables that remain constant to ensure a fair test. |
Deep | Development |
Digestive System | Distal |
The process of growth and differentiation. | Away from the surface of the body. |
Farther from the point of attachment or origin. | The organ system responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. |
Dorsal | Double-blind method |
Down the gradient | Effector |
An experiment where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment to reduce bias. | Relating to the back side of the body. |
A structure that responds to a stimulus, such as a muscle or gland. | Movement from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. |
Electrical gradient | Electrochemical gradient |
Endocrine System | Evolution |
The combination of concentration and electrical gradients that drive ion movement. | A difference in electrical charge across a membrane. |
The process of change in living organisms over generations. | The organ system consisting of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions. |
Fact | Falsifiability |
Feedback loops | Frontal plane |
The principle that a hypothesis must be testable and capable of being proven false. | A statement based on direct observation that is repeatedly confirmed. |
A vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections. | Biological mechanisms that regulate homeostasis by responding to changes. |
Gradient | Growth |
Histology | Holism |
An increase in size and number of cells. | A difference in a particular variable (e.g., concentration, pressure) across a space. |
The theory that systems should be studied as wholes, not just as individual parts. | The microscopic study of tissues. |
Homeostasis | Hypothetico-deductive method |
Inductive method | Inferior |
A scientific approach that starts with a hypothesis and tests it through experiments. | The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body. |
Below or toward the lower part of the body. | A scientific approach based on observation and generalization. |
Integrating (control) center | Integumentary System |
Lateral | Law of nature |
The organ system that includes the skin, hair, and nails, providing protection. | The part of a feedback loop that processes information and initiates a response. |
A generalization about the behavior of nature based on repeated observations. | Away from the midline of the body. |
Lumen | Lymphatic System |
Medial | Mesentery |
The organ system that returns fluid to the bloodstream and provides immune responses. | The inside space of a hollow organ or structure. |
A membrane that anchors the intestines and supplies them with blood vessels. | Toward the midline of the body. |
Metabolism | Molecules |
Movement | Muscular System |
Groups of atoms bonded together, forming chemical substances. | The sum of all chemical reactions in the body. |
The organ system responsible for movement and heat production. | A fundamental property of life involving motion of the body or its parts. |
Negative feedback | Nervous System |
Opposable | Organ systems |
The organ system that controls body functions using electrical and chemical signals. | A control mechanism that reverses a change in the body to maintain homeostasis. |
Groups of organs that work together to perform functions. | The ability of the thumb to touch the fingertips, allowing grasping. |
Organelles | Organism |
Organization | Peer reviews |
A living individual made up of cells. | Structures within a cell that perform specialized functions. |
Evaluation of scientific work by experts in the field. | The structured arrangement of biological systems. |
Pelvic cavity | Pericardium |
Peritoneum | Physiology |
The membrane surrounding the heart. | The body cavity that houses the reproductive organs and bladder. |
The study of how the body functions. | The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and organs. |
Placebo | Pleura |
Positive feedback | Posterior |
The membrane surrounding the lungs. | A substance with no therapeutic effect used in control groups. |
The back of the body or toward the back. | A control mechanism that amplifies a change instead of reversing it. |
Prefix | Prehensile |
Pressure gradient | Proximal |
Adapted for grasping, as in primate hands. | A word part added at the beginning of a term to modify its meaning. |
Closer to the point of attachment or origin. | The difference in pressure between two areas. |
Receptor | Reductionism |
Reproduction | Reproductive System |
The idea that complex systems can be understood by studying their parts. | A structure that detects stimuli. |
The organ system responsible for producing gametes and offspring. | The process of producing offspring. |
Respiratory System | Responsiveness |
Sagittal plane | Sample size |
The ability to detect and react to stimuli. | The organ system responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide). |
The number of subjects in a study or experiment. | A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right sections. |
Scientific method | Section |
Serous membranes | Skeletal System |
A cut or slice of the body or an organ for study. | A systematic approach to investigation using hypothesis testing. |
The organ system providing structure and support. | Thin tissues that line body cavities and secrete fluid. |
Statistical testing | Stereoscopic |
Stimuli | Suffix |
Depth perception due to overlapping visual fields. | Methods used to analyze data and determine significance. |
A word part added to the end of a term to modify its meaning. | Environmental factors that cause a response. |
Superficial | Superior |
Theory | Thermal gradient |
Above or toward the upper part of the body. | Near the surface of the body. |
A difference in temperature between two areas. | A well-tested and widely accepted explanation. |
Abdominal cavity | Anatomical position |
Anatomy | Anterior |
A standard reference position where the body stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. | The body cavity containing the stomach, intestines, liver, and other digestive organs. |
The front of the body or toward the front. | The study of the structure of the human body. |
Abdominal cavity | Anatomical position |
Anatomy | Anterior |
A standard reference position where the body stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. | The body cavity containing the stomach, intestines, liver, and other digestive organs. |
The front of the body or toward the front. | The study of the structure of the human body. |