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1800s was fueled by efforts to build nation states

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Russia Empire (Romanov)

(Turks)

(Habsburgs)

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Francis Joseph of Austria

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Romanov Dynasty

Forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the empire

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Romanov lose power 1917

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Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 96 and again in 1915

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Nationalism destroys empires and builds nations!

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Count Camillo di Cavour

Prime Minister

King Victor Emmanuel II

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Napoleon III

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

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German Confederation

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Wilhelm I

Junkers:Wealthy land owners

Otto von Bismarck

Prime Minister

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Politics of reality (realism)

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King Wilhelm I

Second Reich

Kaiser = Emperor

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Congress of Vienna: France, Russia, Austria, Britain, and Prussia

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