Subjunctive Mood
Patterns for Past Events
Positive Form
Subject + wish + subject + had + verb 3
Negative Form
Subject + wish + subject + had + not + verb 3
Patterns for Present Events
Positive Form
Subject + wish + subject + verb 2
Negative Form
Subject + wish + subject + did not + verb 1
Example: Past Event
Wish Statement
I wish there had been enough helmets for 30 students.
Real Fact
There were not enough helmets for 30 students.
Another Example: Past Event
Wish Statement
I wish we had got skilled instructors.
Real Fact
We did not get skilled instructors.
Expressing Regret: Should/Shouldn't Have
We use should/shouldn't have + past participle to recall regrettable past failures.
1
Pattern
Subject + should have + past participle
Example: Shouldn't Have
Regret Statement
I shouldn't have joined the camping program during the peak season.
Real Fact
I joined the camping program during the peak season.
Example: Should Have
Regret Statement
I should have checked the description first.
Real Fact
I did not check the description first.