1 of 15

BSP Screen

NG_GG

USMOs:

6967: Describe features of the layers, or spheres, that make up the earth's system (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and magnetosphere)

Image

Image of the Earth from space

Is There Life Out There?

The spheres of the Earth from the magnetosphere to the biosphere work together to shield the Earth from harmful radiation and provide air, water, and places for life to live.

Could there be life on other planets? Let’s take a tour of our solar system to see where it might exist and what it would be like.

2 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Stops

  • Moon
  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Enceladus

Text

As we look for signs of life on other planets, we can also learn a lot about the Earth itself. Let’s go see what is out there!

Image Description

Image of the solar system

Start Habitable Planets

3 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

Can we use this model from NASA?

https://g.co/kgs/5J79QER

Intro Text

The moon is our closest neighbor. It probably broke off from the Earth as the planet was forming. So why didn’t life evolve on the moon as well? Explore the moon to find out.

Hotspots

1 - The moon is basically a giant rock in space. It doesn’t have a magnetosphere or an atmosphere. This means it has no protection from the radiation from the sun.

2 - Even though there are some ice crystals on the surface, there isn’t enough to form a hydrosphere.

3 - Temperatures during the day can get to around 250°F (121°C) and then drop to -208°F (-133°C) at night.

4 - Even though it doesn’t have life, we can learn a lot from the moon. Comparing craters on the Earth and the moon can teach us about the geology of our own planet and how it has changed over time.

5 - These dark areas are mare (pronounced MAR-ray). These were formed by lava flowing to the surface and cooling billions of years ago.

Stop - Moon

Far side of the moon

4

1

3

2

5

4 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

Can we use this model from NASA?

https://g.co/kgs/UXTWwUq

Into Text

Mercury is a little bigger than the moon and they are both very similar. Any life here?

Hotspots

1 - Mercury’s surface is heavily cratered like the moon

2 - Being the closest planet to the sun, it has no atmosphere or magnetosphere.

3 - Sunlight is 11x stronger on the surface! Not even the strongest sunglasses could you from those rays. We’ll have to look for life elsewhere.

Image Description

Stop - Mercury

1

2

3

5 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

https://g.co/kgs/wxsHTsX

Intro Text

Venus has been called Earth’s twin because it is a similar size. It also has a magnetosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. Could it have life?

1 - Venus is nothing like the Earth. Its thick atmosphere is made up of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. These trap all the heat from the sun like a giant greenhouse making Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.

2 - Venus is probably like the Earth was right after it formed - extremely hot, toxic, and rocky. Probes sent to the surface have barely lasted an hour as they get eaten away by the acidic air, fried in temperatures hot enough to melt lead, or crushed by the extreme atmospheric pressure.

3 - By studying Venus, we might be able to find out why life didn’t form there and be able to learn more about why life did form here on Earth.

Stop - Venus

1

2

3

6 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

Model from NASA

https://g.co/kgs/8NTL1XM

Intro Text

Mars is the only planet we know of that is entirely inhabited by robots. Of course, those robots came from Earth.

1 - Like the Earth, Mars has a magnetosphere, an atmosphere made up of mainly carbon dioxide, a lithosphere that contains a lot of iron rock. The iron is what gives Mars its red color.

2 - Mars doesn’t have enough water to have a hydrosphere.

3 - The polar ice caps are made of frozen CO2 instead of water.

4 - Mars’ atmosphere is too thin for liquid water on the surface but there are pockets of water ice just below the surface. There is also evidence of ancient river beds and lake beds where water could have flowed billions of years ago.

5 - One of the missions of the Mars rovers is to look for signs of ancient life that could have formed when Mars was much warmer and wetter than it is today.

Stop - Mars

1

3

4

2

5

7 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

Can we use this model from NASA?

https://g.co/kgs/mPMYXLT

Text

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is called the “gas planet” because it is mainly made up of layers of gas and ammonia water clouds.

  1. Under Jupiter’s vast atmosphere, there probably isn’t a solid surface. This means that Jupiter does not have a lithosphere, hydrosphere, and certainly not a biosphere.
  2. It has a strong magnetosphere probably because it has a liquid metal core. This liquid metal core turns the planet into one big electromagnet as it rotates.
  3. The giant red spot is a storm that has been swirling around for centuries and was first spotted in the 1660s. You can see smaller storms in other bands of the atmosphere too.

Image Description

Stop - Jupiter

1

2

3

8 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

https://g.co/kgs/Th7mXDG

Intro Text

Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus are also gas planets like Jupiter so we won’t find any life there. Maybe there is life on one of the many moons in the solar system. One of the most likely places that there might be life is Enceladus, the icy moon of Saturn.

Stops

  1. Enceladus doesn’t have its own magnetosphere. Instead, it orbits within Saturn’s magnetosphere.
  2. There is evidence that Enceladus probably has a thin atmosphere, mainly around the polar regions.
  3. The surface of Enceladus is almost pure ice or one solid hydrosphere. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft discovered giant geysers spew plumes of salt water that reach space.
  4. Cassini was able to take samples of this water and found out that it has most of the elements needed to sustain life. While the surface is much too cold for life, there is hope that there might be life in the vast oceans beneath the surface.

Stop - Enceladus

1

2

3

4

9 of 15

Search for Habitable Planets XR

Interactions

Text

Well it looks like Earth is the only place where there is life on in solar system. The spheres of the Earth provide the right combination of air, water, living spaces, and protection to allow life to evolve and flourish. Maybe someday we’ll have space colonies on the moon or Mars or elsewhere in the solar system. If so, we’ll need to design habitats and space suits that give us the same elements for life as the spheres of the Earth.

Image Description

Original image of the Earth or images of different life on Earth.

Stop - End

10 of 15

OLD

11 of 15

Spheres of the Earth XR Overview

Start in space at the edge of the magnetosphere. Have stops for:

  • Magnetosphere
  • Atmosphere
  • Hydrosphere
  • Lithosphere
  • Biosphere

Interactions

Fly through an aurora

Text

We’re starting at the edge of space in the Earth’s magnetosphere. It protects us from harmful radiation and keeps the atmosphere from floating off into space. The Earth’s core contains a lot of metals. As the Earth rotates, it generates the magnetosphere like a giant electromagnet.

Aurora

Particles from the sun fly through space as the solar wind. When they reach the Earth’s magnetosphere, that produces auroras.

Image Description

The magnetosphere is invisible but is often depicted like this image.

https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/focus-areas/magnetosphere-ionosphere/

Stop - Magnetosphere

12 of 15

XR Interactions

Fly through:

  • Upper atmosphere
  • Lower atmosphere
  • Point out different types of clouds at different levels.

Air gets thicker as you get closer to the ground.

Text

The end of the atmosphere it is the beginning of space. Up here, the air is too thin to breathe and it’s too cold for us to survive. The atmosphere will get thicker as we get closer to the Earth’s surface but it will still be a while before there is enough air for us to breathe.

Image Description

Like this interaction but in reverse. - https://neal.fun/space-elevator/

Stop - Atmosphere

13 of 15

XR Interactions

Fly around

  • Ocean
  • Fresh water like the Great Lakes
  • Clouds/Rain
  • Icebergs
  • Underground water reserves

Text

The end of the atmosphere it is the beginning of space. Up here, the air is too thin to breathe and it’s too cold for us to survive. The atmosphere will get thicker as we get closer to the Earth’s surface but it will still be a while before there is enough air for us to breathe.

Image Description

Strider could follow the water cycle and we could possibly reuse some of those images in this interaction.

Stop - Hydrosphere

14 of 15

XR Interactions

Fly around

  • Plains
  • Mountains
  • Desert
  • Volcanoes
  • Ocean floor
  • Underwater mountains
  • Underwater volcanoes

Text

The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth’s crust. It contain all the solid rocks on the Earth’s surface. It is also where all the plants and animals live on land. The ocean also contains mountains, volcanoes, and other rocky features that you find on land.

Image Description

Fly around images of the places mentioned above.

Stop - Lithosphere

15 of 15

XR Interactions

Fly around

  • Creatures on land
  • Creatures on the water
  • Creatures in the air

Text

The biosphere includes all the areas on the Earth that have life in the combined hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere. Scientists have found life on the tops of the highest mountains to the bottom of the ocean and everywhere in between.

Image Description

Maybe start at the highest points where life is found and then descend to the lowest depths of the ocean.

https://blog.nature.org/2020/07/27/mammal-living-at-highest-altitude/

https://mappingthedeep-story.hub.arcgis.com/pages/explore-challenger-deep

End of Spheres of the Earth part of the XR

Stop - Biosphere