PASSIVE VOICE
USAGE
USAGE
Cambridge University Press published this book. (active)
This book was published by Cambridge University Press. (passive)
change the focus of a clause
the doer of the verb is not important or not known
we do not want to say who the doer is
Passive Voice is used when:
USAGE
There are two types of verbs in English:
Passive Voice
Transitive Verbs: always need an object following
Intransitive Verbs: used without an object following
+) Linking verbs: be, become, appear, remain, disappear …
+) Sensing verbs: feel, see, smell, taste, hear, sense, look …
+) Action verbs: destroy something, build something …
NORMAL STRUCTURE
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NORMAL STRUCTURE
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O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
Cambridge University Press published this book. (active)
This book was published by Cambridge University Press. (passive)
NORMAL STRUCTURE
People all over the world speak English.
⇒ English is spoken by people all over the world.
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⇒ Present Simple: “am/ is/ are”
O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
NORMAL STRUCTURE
The hunter killed the lion.
⇒ The lion was killed by the hunter.
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O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
⇒ Past Simple: “was/ were”
NORMAL STRUCTURE
The company has just ordered some new equipment.
⇒ Some new equipment has just been ordered by the company.
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O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
⇒ Present Perfect: “has/ have + been”
NORMAL STRUCTURE
They will finish the work soon.
⇒ The work will be finished soon.
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O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
⇒ Future Simple: “will be”
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
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SPECIAL STRUCTURES
#1 Special structures with Modal Verbs (Modal V):
Active
Passive
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S + Modal V + V(in bare infinitive) + O
O + Modal V + be + V(in past participle) + (by S)
People should solve the problem of air pollution.
⇒ The problem of air pollution should be solved.
(Modal Verbs: will, can, may, should, must …)
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
#2 Special structures with Double Passive
Active
Passive 1
People think/ say/ believe that + S + V
It is thought/ said/ believed that + S + V
People say that he is a good doctor.
⇒ It is said that he is a good doctor.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
#2 Special structures with Double Passive
Active
Passive 2
People think/ say/ believe that + S + V
S is thought/ said/ believed to V
People say that he is a good doctor.
⇒ He is said to be a good doctor.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
# 3 Special structures with Verbs to make a prediction:
(expect, anticipate, project, predict …)
Active
Passive 1
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People expect/ predict that + S + will + V
It is expected/ predicted that S + will + V
People expect that the number of car users will increase .
⇒ It is expected that the number of car users will increase.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
# 3 Special structures with Verbs to make a prediction:
(expect, anticipate, project, predict …)
Active
Passive 2
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People expect/ predict that + S + will + V
S is expected/ predicted to V
People expect that the number of car users will increase .
⇒ The number of car users is expected to increase.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
#4 Special structures with “It”:
Active
Passive
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It is + adj + for somebody + to V something
It is + adj + for something to be V (in past participle)
It is difficult for me to finish the test in one hour.
⇒ It is difficult for the test to be finished in one hour.
NORMAL STRUCTURE
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O + “be” + V(in past participle) + (by S)
HOW TO FORM �VERBS(in past participle)
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Infinitive | Past | Past participle |
Regular
watch construct | watched constructed | watched constructed |
hope store | hoped stored | hoped stored |
stop drop | stopped dropped | stopped dropped |
dry played | dried played | dried played |
FORM VERB (past participle)
build lend | built lent | built lent |
lay pay | laid paid | laid paid |
bring think | brought thought | brought thought |
have make | had made | had made |
Irregular
FORM VERB (past participle)
Infinitive | Past | Past participle |
Regular
APPLICATIONS IN IELTS
APPLICATIONS
PROCESS: The diagram shows how fruit is canned.
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At the seventh step, the high-quality apples peel and the cores remove. Following that, they chop into small pieces and put into identical cans before all of them seal and cook. After that, the cans label with its company’ s logo, kept at a low temperature and each package into a paper box.
APPLICATIONS
MAP: The maps below show the changes that took place at West Park Secondary School since its construction in 1950.
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In 1950, the school locate to the south of the main road. There were residential houses in the northwest corner, but those houses demolish in 1980 to make way for a car park and a science block. Farmland destroy and replace by a sports field.
APPLICATIONS
GRAPHS/ CHARTS: The graph below gives information about energy consumption in the USA since 1980 with projection until 2030.
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In 1980, slightly less coal burn, with its figure being just over 15 quadrillion units.
In 2030, petrol and oil expect to see a soar in its consumption.
APPLICATIONS
WRITING TASK 2: Writing, reading and maths are the three recognised traditional subjects. Computer skills should also be the fourth largest branch. Do you agree or disagree?
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It perceive that the three most vital disciplines are writing, reading and math, and the next one on this list should be computer skills. I strongly agree with this view, which now will discuss.