Enjoy the Lesson-19

FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL

Teacher: Akmal Akbarov

Should have, could have, might have

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

Difference should have, could have, might have, needn’t have & must have.

It’s used to express regret or criticism about a past action that was not done but would have been the correct or expected thing to do.

Should have done

I should have double-checked the calculations before submitting the report.

The company should have conducted market research before launching the new product.

Sarah should have studied harder for the exam; then she would have passed.

It’s used to talk about past possibilities or options that were available but unused. Someone was able to do smth in the past, but didn’t do it.

Could have

You could have attended the conference, but you decided not to.

We could have invested in that startup, but we chose a different opportunity.

Mark could have taken advanced English course, but he opted for a different academic path.

It’s used to express uncertainty or speculate, guess about past actions that possibly happened.

Might have

The client might have already received the proposal; we should follow up.

The competitor might have acquired a new technology; we need to investigate.

Emily might have missed the class; that's why she doesn't have the study materials.

It’s used to express that an action was done unnecessarily because it was not required or needed. It was a waste of time.

Needn’t have

I needn't have prepared a detailed presentation; the meeting got canceled.

They needn't have hired additional staff; the workload was manageable.

Tom needn't have stayed up all night studying; the test was postponed.

It’s used to express a strong deduction or conclusion about a past event or situation. It suggests a high degree of certainty that smth happened based on the available evidence or logic

Must have

The client must have received the email because they haven't responded yet.

The company must have secured a significant investment to launch such an extensive marketing campaign.

Lisa must have studied diligently to achieve such high grades on the final exam.

Let’s Practice What You Have Just Learnt

Sam Altman

OpenAI CEO

He’s been fired!

could have maintained / should have prioritized / might have killed

Altman's dismissal shows that the board claims he did not consistently share truthful information. This made it difficult for the board to fulfill its responsibilities, indicating that Altman …………………………

……………………… open and honest communication. If he had done so, he ……………………………………………………... the board's trust and avoided losing his position as a leader.

could have maintained

should have

prioritized

must have assessed / ignored

The careful review process leading to Altman's firing suggests that the board …………………….... thoroughly ……………………. the situation. They likely considered the evidence and discussed how Altman's communication issues affected OpenAI's operations and overall direction. The board's loss of confidence in Altman's leadership led to the decision to remove him as CEO.

must have

assessed

could have chosen / could have sought / could have built / might have asked

Looking back, Altman ………………………………………... different strategies to address the challenges he encountered. By actively seeking open communication channels with the board, he …………………………………... trust and fostered collaboration. Additionally, he …………………………………………. assistance or guidance from colleagues and mentors to navigate the complexities of his role more effectively.

could have chosen

could have built

could have sought

Let’s Challenge What You Have Just Learnt

Losing an Important Client

You’re a well-established marketing agency that has been working with a prestigious construction company from Singapore for years.

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The client suddenly decides to terminate the contract & take their business elsewhere. Your agency is devastated because losing this client means a significant financial setback & a blow to your reputation.

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There are rumors that the client was dissatisfied with your agency’s lack of commitment towards greener future, but still you are unsure about the exact reasons for the departure.

Discuss

1. What should the agency have done differently to retain the client's trust and satisfaction?

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2. What could the agency have done to prevent the loss and strengthen their relationship with the client?

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3. What might have caused the client to leave?

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Explore possible reasons, such as lack of communication, ineffective strategies, or a competitor's enticing offer.

Losing an Important Client

Missing an Important Deadline

You are in a high-pressure work environment where a team is working on a crucial project with a strict deadline.

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One of the team members, who is known for their reliability, unexpectedly fails to deliver their part on time. The team is left in disarray, scrambling to compensate for the missing work and meet the deadline.

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The colleague's absence raises questions about their commitment, personal issues, or unforeseen circumstances.

Discuss

1. What should the colleague have done differently to ensure they met the deadline?

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2. What could the colleague have done to seek assistance or communicate their challenges to the team beforehand?

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3. Why might the colleague have missed the deadline?

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Explore possible reasons, such as overwhelming workload, personal emergencies, or lack of time management skills.

Missing an Important Deadline

Receiving a Low Grade

You have a group-mate who is a dedicated student. He/she consistently puts in hours of study and preparation.

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Despite their efforts, they received a surprisingly low grade on an important exam that they were confident about.

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The student is devastated, as this grade significantly impacts their overall performance in the course. They had high expectations for themselves and were aiming for MA diploma with distinction.

Discuss

1. What should the student have done differently to better prepare for the exam?

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2. What could the student have done to seek additional assistance or resources to enhance their understanding of the subject matter?

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3. Why might the student have received a low grade?

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Explore possible reasons, such as misunderstanding the exam format, overlooking important concepts, or experiencing test anxiety.

Receiving a Low Grade

YOUR HOMEWORK

Watch the documentary & get ready for the next lesson.