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The KREMLIN
on-line tour
Towers of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin Clock tower The Clock Tower is a tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It is located in the upland part between the Northern and Ivanovskaya towers, on the very edge of the Kremlin mountain. The spinning fence between the Clockwork and the North towers is the shortest in the Kremlin: its
length is only 39 meters. The clock tower served as the main guard post and, probably, was the command center of the fortress garrison.
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The current Borisoglebskaya tower, standing on a break in relief along the mountainside, was built in 1972 under the guidance of the Nizhny Novgorod architect Svyatoslav Agafonov. Even earlier, in 1966, restorers who dismantled the passage discovered stone details of a genuine tower from the beginning of the 16th century. According to legend, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky (uncle of Georgy Vsevolodovich, the founder of Nizhny Novgorod) possessed a valuable relic - the sword of St. the murdered Prince Boris, bringing good luck in battle. Later, the Borisoglebskaya tower received the second name "Dukhovskaya" - after the Holy Spirit Monastery, which stood on the mountainside for 190 years (1574 - 1764), after which it was abolished. Initially, the Borisoglebskaya Tower, like other round defensive structures of the Kremlin, had four tiers with combat windows. The upper tier, which served as a battlefield, was surrounded by 11 battlements
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Ivanovskaya Tower
Ivanovskaya Tower is the largest four—tiered gate tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It is located in the foothill part between the Clock Tower and the White Tower. The lower section of the Ivanovo Exit, which used to be called Bolshaya Mostovaya Street, passes through it. It is named after the Church of John the Baptist located on the outskirts of it. The tower acquired its modern appearance in the 1950s, when it was doubled by restorers.
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Tainitskaya Tower
The Tainitskaya Tower is a round tower located in the upland part between the Koromyslova and Severnaya towers. A special feature is the watchtower located at the top of the tower. It got its name because of the secret passage to the Pochaina River. Its height is 30 meters.
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White Tower
The White Tower is a round tower located in the foothills between the Ivanovskaya and Zachatievsky towers. In 1620 it was rebuilt. The modern name of the tower was given in the 19th century by the preserved white stone cladding of the lower part of the outer facade. The monastery church, which stood next to the tower, has not survived to this day (demolished in 1928), but was recreated in its original place in 2020-2021.
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Powder tower
The name of the tower speaks for itself: in the XVII century, a warehouse of gunpowder and cannon ammunition was arranged in it. In the scribe's book from 1621, the Powder Tower is recorded as Spasskaya — right behind the tower was the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
Before the 1952 restoration, the Powder Tower was considered three-tiered, until researchers discovered the fourth underground tier. On both sides of the underground room of the lower tier are adjacent strands (walls) equipped with loopholes. Interestingly, calcareous stalactites had grown on the ceilings of combat chambers by 1952, as if in a cave. The lower floors of the Powder Tower, devoid of frontal loopholes, are adapted for caponiers for conducting artillery fire flanking the approaches to neighboring fortifications. The upper tier has 11 combat windows. In 1621, there were three small-caliber squeakers on the Powder Tower, firing cores weighing 0.3 kg.
In the lower part of the tower there are traces of numerous repairs carried out in 1786 and in the XIX century. In 1975, on the 30th anniversary of the Victory, a memorial plaque was installed in the fortress wall between the Powder and Dmitrievskaya towers in memory of the military units formed in the city of Gorky and fought at the front during the Great Patriotic War.
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The North Tower
The round tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It is located in the mountainous part between the Tainitskaya and the Clock Towers. Contrary to the name, the tower is not the northernmost structure in the Kremlin, but the fortress wall, stretching from the Tainitskaya Tower towards the North, coincides with the direction to the north.By its design, the Northern Tower is similar to the Taynitskaya: it had 4 tiers with combat windows. Along the passage, equipped in the thickness of the wall, it was possible to descend to the lower tier, where there was a small room with a staircase and "small exit doors" leading to the city. These gates played a service role: messengers and fighters who replenished the army during the siege of the fortress were allowed through them. In the XVIII century, the Northern Tower was occupied by a military warehouse of the provincial company, and in 1827 it was converted into a police department storage.
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Hour bath
The only one of all the corner towers of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, built with a ledge inside, which automatically transferred it to the category of buildings not too important in the defensive sense, without which the fortress could well do. Therefore, the tower initially served more as the main guard post, because it is located on the very top of the Kremlin hill, from where a magnificent view opened.
And thanks to the "clock hut" - an additional wooden superstructure with a clock installed on the tower in the 16th century, the Clock Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin performed and still continues to perform an aesthetic function. The clock installed on the tower has been the main city clock for a long time.
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Dmitrievskay tower
Dmitrievskay tower facing Minin and Pozharsky Square is the main entrance to the Nizhnegorsky Kremlin. The first mention dates back to 1372, that s why the oldest tower in our city.However, it received its modern appearance only at the end of the 19th century as it became a museum. During the Soviet Union, government wanted to destroy the tower in order to expand the area, but the war prevented this. The tower has reached our days in excellent condition.
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Nikolskay tower
Named after the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. It has a square shape similar to Dmitrievskaya. The bridge located above the Zelensky Exit leads to the tower. Going to the history of Nikolsky tower I can mention that before the restoration, its lower part had a white stone cladding. From the 18th century till 19 it was used as a storage room. Nikolskay tower is about 30 meters in height.
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