Chapter 34 From Republic to Empire

Chapter 34 Introduction

This chapter is about how Rome went from a small republic on the Italian Peninsula to a mighty empire that ruled the entire Mediterranean world. This growth spanned approximately 500 years.

​

Rome’s growth into a powerhouse civilization happened gradually and at a huge cost. Countless wars to conquer new territory and to defend that territory caused significant changes to how the empire was governed. What began as a government run by elected leaders with shared power changed to one run by a single supreme leader who was worshiped as a god.

​

This chapter splits Rome’s growth into 4 major periods of expansion.

​

This chapter is about how Rome grew to a large empire and the costs involved.

​

Read through these slides, fill in the notes and CAREFULLY color the map.

​

​

The First Period of Expansion 509BCE - 264BCE

Rome becomes a republic in 509 BCE when the last Etruscan king is driven from power.

Rome fought a series of wars over 245 years to protect their borders and gain more land

In the end, Rome made friends with former enemies and controlled all of the Italian Peninsula

Pick a color & color your map like the one on the right

The 2nd Period of Expansion 264BCE - 146BCE

Rome fought three major wars with the North African city of Carthage

After defeating Carthage Rome gained control of N. Africa, much of Spain, the island of Sicily and Macedonia & Greece

​

Pick a different color and make your map like the one on the right

The 3rd Period of Expansion 145BCE - 44BCE

Rome rules the entire Mediterranean world

Civil wars between army generals and the senate

Many army generals declare themselves dictators

Caesar was one such dictator who was later murdered in 44 BCE

Octavian becomes supreme ruler of all of Rome, named Augustus or “honored one”

Pick a color and make your map look like the one on the right

4th Period of Expansion 44BCE - 14CE

Augustus added new territory to the empire by pushing borders from the island of Britain in the west to the Black Sea in the east.

Pick a 4th color and make your map look like the one on the right

​

Each period of expansion involved cost and sacrifice. Read the next slide for directions.

​

A correctly colored map looks like this

Don’t forget to color in the map key!!