INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Mini Project-

EC681

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Mini Project

(EC681 )

Presented by

Abhinav Kumar, B_172

Akash Bharadwaj ,B_162

Ashish barnwal, B_142

Divesh kumar, B_123

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HUMAN

DETECTION

ROBOT

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Human Detection Robot

During the natural calamities like earthquakes, it is difficult to rescue the human beings under the buildings. Though detection by rescue team is done, it consumes a lot of time. Detection of human in appropriate time is very important in such situations. This project presents a simple human detection robot that is operated manually using RF technology.

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Circuit Principle�

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�

The main principle of the circuit is to detect the human using human detection sensor. The wireless robot is operated manually using PC. The wireless technology used here is Radio Frequency technology. The data is transmitted to receiver through RF. Using the received data, robot is operated and controlled.

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Circuit Components :

• AT89s51 microcontroller.
• PIR sensor.
• RF transmitter and receiver.
• L293D IC.
• PC.
• Buzzer
• Robot chassis.
• Max232 IC.
• 9V battery.
• Motors.

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Circuit Diagram :��

Transmitter Circuit :

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Receiver Circuit :

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Demostration Circuit

Software used - Proteus

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Source Code for AT89C51

#include <REGX51.H>

sbit Lmotor_P = P2^0;

sbit Lmotor_N = P2^1;

sbit Rmotor_P = P2^2;

sbit Rmotor_N = P2^3;

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sbit Left_S = P1^0;

sbit Right_S = P1^1;

sbit Front_S = P1^2;

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void main(void)

{

Left_S = 0;

Right_S = 0;

Front_S = 0;

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while(1) /* infinity loop*/

{

if(Left_S == 1 && Right_S == 0 && Front_S == 0)

{

Lmotor_P = 1;

Lmotor_N = 0;

Rmotor_P = 0;

Rmotor_N = 1; // RIGHT MOVE

}

else if(Left_S == 0 && Right_S == 1 && Front_S == 0)

{

Lmotor_P = 0;

Lmotor_N = 1;

Rmotor_P = 1;

Rmotor_N = 0; // LEFT MOVE

}

else if(Left_S == 0 && Right_S == 0 && Front_S == 1)

{

Lmotor_P = 0;

Lmotor_N = 0;

Rmotor_P = 0;

Rmotor_N = 0; // ROBOT STOP

}

else

{

Lmotor_P = 1;

Lmotor_N = 0;

Rmotor_P = 1;

Rmotor_N = 0; // forward

}

}

}

​

Software Used - Keil uVision5

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Code compilation result Demostration

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Hardware Design -- Block1

Transmitter Section:

• The transmitter section consists of PC, RF transmitter, MAX232IC, DB9 connector. The commands for operating the robots are transmitted using Personal computer. PC transmits the data to the RF transmitter through max232.
• Max232 converts the logic levels. The logic levels of PC are in the range ± 3v to ± 15V, while the logic levels of RF module is compatible with TTL.In order to convert this voltage MAX 232 is used .This is also called level converter .The T1in pin of the MAX232 is connected to the receive pin of the DB9 which is in turn connected to the PC. The output pins are connected to the RF transmitter.
• Radio frequency is the wireless technology used here to transmit the data .Several carrier frequencies were used in available modules such as  433.92 MHZ,315MHZ ,868MHZ,915MHZ,2400MHZ .Here the RF modules uses a frequency of  433 MHZ. The DATA pin of the RF transmitter is connected to the T1out of the MAX232.A Vcc of 5v is applied to the RF transmitter.

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Hardware Design -- Block2

Receiver Section:

• The receiver section consists of AT89c51microcontroller, L293D motor driver IC, RF receiver, motors of the robot, PIR sensor.
• AT89c51 is an 8051 family microcontroller. It is an 8-bit microcontroller. It has 40pins.It has flash memory of 4K bytes.
•  The RF receiver module is connected to the port3 of the microcontroller. Data pins of RF receiver are connected to the receiver pin of the microcontroller. The two Vcc pins are shorted and connected to a supply of 5v.GND pins are shorted and connected to ground. The receiver module receives the data and transmits it to the microcontroller.
• PIR sensor plays a main role in the circuit. This is used to detect the human beings. The PIR sensor is nothing but Passive Infra Red sensor. These sensors work on the principle that they every human being emits infra red radiations of very low wave length. Thus this sensor senses these radiations and outputs a logic high value. This sensor can sense the human within the range of 20feet. They have an operating voltage of 2.2-5V. PIR sensor is connected to the Port1 of the micro controller.
• L293D is a motor drive IC. This IC is required to drive the motor and also eliminates back EMF generated. This IC internally has H-bridge circuit. This has 16 pins out of which four input pins are used to drive two motors. Enables are used to enable these input pins. A supply voltage of 5v is applied at the 16^th pin to operate the IC.8^th pin is applied with a voltage of 12v required to drive the motors. The L293D IC can drive voltages up to 36v.That is 8^th pin can be applied with a voltage ranging from 2.4v to 36v.

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Hardware Applictaion Sample

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How It Works?�

• Initially burn the code into the micro controller.
• Arrange the robot chassis.
• Connect the transmitter and receiver circuits as shown in the circuit diagram.
• Now arrange the transmitter to the robot.
• Connect the receiver to the PC.
• Enter the character F in the hyper terminal of the PC.
• This makes the robot to move in forward direction.
• Now enter the character B to move the robot in reverse direction.
• Enter L and R to move the robot in left and right directions.
• While the robot is moving if any human detected by the PIR sensor robot stops moving and a buzzer is switched on. 

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Applications :

• Following are the main applications of this Human Detection Robot.
• Human detection robot can be used at the time of natural calamities to save the lives of human.
• This can also be used to detect the humans in the war field.
• This can be used for security purpose in the jewellery shops, museums, etc.

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Conclusion :

This robot is developed as field efficient by using the

structure and theme of this proto-type robot with

optimization in design and working principle.

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For more positives results change its outlook structure with

the change in circuitry and equipments that are using in

proto-type robot. Advance equipments and rugged structure

make it more field effective keeping in mind the whole

scenario of earthquake disaster area.

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LIMITATION OVERCOME AND ADVANCEMENT:

This robot requires so much optimization in its design and structure to overcome the limitation that is occurring in proto-type design. Major advancement is in movement and speed by using wheel structure for the trough and terrain surface as well as the high volt battery and high tech motors to load the heavy weight and to increase speed and movement.

Advance logic in wheel structure make its turning so fast and time efficient which limits the basic angle of turning and robot turn at 360 degree by keeping its position constant.

All sensing devices are majorly affected according to environment change like temperature, humid, pressure etc in field this will overcome with using more high tech sensing devices which avoid the error occurring during change in environment. PIR sensor detect only in the front field of 180 degree, it must be Fresnel PIR which work at 360 which is costly but more appropriate for the field scenario.

Straight view camera focus at least at 100 degree but for more 260 degree robot change its direction which is little but time consuming and it effect the efficiency but minor.

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FURTHER WORK:

This circuit is mainly using in land rovers by making its movement more effective on trough surface and in advance this will also use in drone applying the same circuit and idea with advance techniques.

This circuit and structure is also use with different idea, in war field it helps to locate and hit the living enemy targets and a camera on top gave the sight of view of current situation ahead. By adding voice command it helps to communicate with receiver end designated officers with the field war troops. It helps to locate the positions of enemy troops and make easy targeting.

More optimization which include image processing trough this technique it recognize the victims with their face reorganization and finger print analysis technique which is directed to NADRA data base to get whole information about the victim that is our target of rescue. It will help to make search more narrow for example, if 3 persons of family is missing and 1 is recovered else of 2 are probably near to target 1 this figure emphasis to research in surround it will give fast result if they are alive rescue or they are dead move on for next.

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Usefull Links :

• https://www.electronicshub.org/human-detection-robot/
• https://www.slideshare.net/SAyub1/human-detection-robot?next_slideshow=1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-pnwXcCI6E&t=675s

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Thank You

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