WELCOME

TO

PRESENTATION

OUR

LITCHI

Scientific Name

Family

Season

Cultivation in Nepal

Major Disease

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: Litchi chinensis

: Sapindaceae

: Mid-May to Mid-June

: 62 district

: 6 Types

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List of Major Types of Disease

1. Leaf blight
2. Fruit rot
3. Leaf rust
4. Anthracnose
5. Wilt
6. Panicle / Inflorescence and fruit blight

1. Leaf Blight

• The symptoms starts from tip of the leaf as light brown to dark brown necrosis that advances towards both the margins of the leaf leading to complete necrosis of the affected leaves that dries up subsequently.
• It also Cause blight of panicles and developing fruits.

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C.O : Alternaria alternata

SYMPTOMS

DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY

• The disease is spread mainly by rain splash and air

MANAGEMENT

• Spray of copper oxychloride (0.1%) or mancozeb (0.15%) to prevent the disease.
• If disease severity increases, spray thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or chlorothalonil (0.15%).

2. FRUIT ROT

• Initially perceptible on injured portion of the fruits.
• The decayed areas get depressed and rot gradually penetrates deep into the pulp.
• Fruits emit an odour of fermentation.

C.O : Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Symptoms

DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Short distance spore dispersal occurs by air currents, rain splash, overhead irrigation, and heavy dew.

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MANAGEMENT

• Spray of carbendazim (0.1%) 15-20 days before harvest.
• Prevent from physical injuries during harvesting.
• Prompt precooling and maintenance of the optimum temperature and relative humidity during storage and transport of fruits.
• Fruits are placed in a closed chamber where 50-100 g sulphur per m^3 of air is burnt for 20-30 minutes.
• For transportation use Corrugated Fibre Boxes of 2 kg capacity properly unitized for stacking.

3. LEAF RUST

Symptom:

• The disease first appeared on the young unfolded tender branches.
• On the infected young leaves, small lesions of velvety white growth appear on the lower surface.

C.O : Cephaleuros virescens

Management

• Provide good drainage facility.
• Promote good air circulation to reduce humidity.
• Pruning and plucking of infected leaves should remove.
• Spray the infected plant with copper oxychloride 0.25 %.

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4. Anthracnose

Symptoms:

• On fruits brown pinhead lesions appear that later turn to circular dark-brown to black sunken lesions on mature fruits.

MANAGEMENT

• Spray either with copper oxychloride (0.25%) or carbendazim (0.1%) or difenconazole (0.05%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%).
• Pre-harvest spray of fungicides help in extending post-harvest life

5. Wilt

Symptoms:

• Young trees of litchi, often below five-year age, wilt in less than a week time.
• The first symptoms appear as yellowing of foliage, drooping leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying, leading to complete death of the plant within 4-5 days.

MANAGEMENT

• Application of castor cake or neem cake as manures along with biocontrol agents like Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. has been proved effective in managing the disease.
• In absence of biocontrol agent, drenching rhizosphere soil with hexaconazole or carbendazim (0.1%) may be done.
• Growers are also advised not to plant litchi trees on waterlogged soils or in low-lying field often receiving flood water.

6. Panicle / Inflorescence and fruit blight

Symptoms:

• The leaf blight pathogen also cause panicle blight and fruit blight at later stage.
• Blighting of panicles and fruits occurs. Panicles shrivel and dry up as a result of necrosis, while necrosis of the pedicel lead to complete drying of the rind of developing fruits

MANAGEMENT:

• Augmenting natural plant defense by soil application of microbes such as Trichoderma, Mycorrhiza etc. Spray of difenconazole (0.05%) or thiophanate methyl (0.1%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%) or carbendazim (0.1%).
• First spray just after panicle initiation and second spray at colour-break stage of fruits (20 days before harvest)

THANKS YOU

PRESENTATED BY

Bibash Lamichhane

Richa Danuwar

Prashant Rai

Bhupendra Magar

SUMITTED TO

Imtyaz Khan

(Teacher)