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SVC Occlusion Device Sensors

Lee Hyunwoo

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Table of Contents

  • Project overview
  • Device actuation flow
  • Bend sensors
    • Strain gauge
    • Velostat sensor
    • Flex sensor
  • Barometric sensor
  • Discussions

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Heart failure

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Figure 1: Normal heart

Figure 2: Heart with structural alteration

Figure 3: Illustration of preCARDIA therapy

Temporary relief to prevent acute heart failure

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Project Overview

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Animal testing: Verify that external occlusion (pinching) of SVC can yield same result as internal occlusion

Occlusion device: Occlude the SVC from exterior to a desirable percentage

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Figure 1: Animal testing

Figure 2: Occlusion device testing on SVC phantom

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Strain Gauge

  • Change resistance when strain applied
  • Balance bridge using resistor with small errors
  • Minimum write length and solder to remove any unintended resistance

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Figure 2: Strain gauge half bridge placement

Figure 3: Circuit connection of strain gauge

Figure 1: Soldered strain gauges

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Velostat Sensor

  • Decrease resistance when deformed (stress is applied)
  • Fabrication methods attempted:
    • Sticking with kapton tape
    • Applying conducting grease
    • Silicon casting
    • Applying adhesive and applying pressure
    • Applying conducting proxy

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Figure 1: Velostat bending sensor exploded view

Figure 3: Circuit connection of velostat sensor

Figure 2: Velostat sensors made

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Flex Sensor

1. Remove stiff plastic layer

5. Put masking tape

2. Cut Sensor

3. Make hole in each circuit

4. Put wire through the hole

6. Apply conducting epoxy

7. Connect to wheatstone bridge

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Increases resistance when deformed

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Fixed Deflection Test

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Figure 2: Fixed deflection test V2

Figure 1: Fixed deflection test V1

Figure 4: Intended deformation of test V2

Figure 3: Intended deformation of test V1

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Fixed Deflection Test Results - Strain Gauge

  • Distinguishable, consistent states
  • Large overshoot and undershoot
  • Fluctuations and noise

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Fixed Deflection Test - Velostat

Kapton tape

  • Distinguishable, consistent states
  • Large undershoot
  • Fluctuations and noise

Conducting Proxy

  • Distinguishable states?
  • Unexpected pattern

Silicon Casted

  • Indistinguishable states
  • Huge fluctuations

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Fixed Deflection Test - Flex Sensor

  • Distinguishable, consistent states
  • No significant undershoot or overshoot
  • Minimal fluctuations and noise
  • Stabilization time delay

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Fixed Deflection Test - Flex Sensor

  • Distinguishable, consistent States
  • No significant undershoot or overshoot
  • Minimal fluctuations and noise
  • Stabilization time delay

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Figure 1: Flex sensor got caught!

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Device Integration - Flex Sensor V1

  • Data at initial state > data after expansion
  • Distinguishable, consistent states
  • Flex sensor stiffness hindering expansion
  • Tendency to occlude back when expanded

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Figure 1: Flex Sensor V1 installation

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Device Integration - Strain Gauge

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Figure 1: Strain gauge installation

  • Indistinguishable, inconsistent states
  • Unexpected pattern

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Device Integration - Flex Sensor V2

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Figure 1: Flex sensor V2 installation

  • Sensor insensitive to state change
  • Distinguishable, but inconsistent values at each states

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Data Acquisition System

  • Greater data collection resolution and sampling rate
  • Minimal output fluctuations
  • No common ground voltage fluctuations
  • Greater data processing expandability using matlab

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Figure 2: Circuit connection using myDAQ

Figure 1: Circuit connection using arduino

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Flex Sensor V3

  • Removed bending-insensitive region and stiff plastic layer
  • Temperature effect from SMA
  • Significant deformation only in center
  • Hinder expansion, help occlusion

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Figure 1: Flex Sensor V3 installation

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Flex Sensor V4

  • Sensor not casted in silicon
  • Less temperature effect from SMA
  • More accurately reflect device actuation status
  • Hinder occlusion, help expansion

Distinguishable, Consistent states

3rd order polynomial-like shape

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Figure 1: Flex Sensor V4 installation

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Obtaining Voltage at different % Occlusion

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Figure 1: Rigid SVC printed based on % occlusion

Figure 2: Rigid SVC equipped on the device

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Percentage Occlusion Control

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Barometric Sensor

  • eVAC used casted barometric sensor to sense intravascular pressure
  • Pressure ring with snap fit casted barometric sensor to install on SVC and obtain CVP

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Figure 1: Barometric sensor cast design

Figure 2: Printed barometric sensor cast

Figure 3: Casted barometric sensor and pressure ring

Pirozzi, I., Kight, A., Liang, X., Han, A. K., Ennis, D. B., Hiesinger, W., Dual, S. A., & Cutkosky, M. R. (2022). Electrohydraulic Vascular Compression Device (e‐VaC) with Integrated Sensing and Controls. In Advanced Materials Technologies (Vol. 8, Issue 4). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202201196

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Fixed Mass Test

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Figure 1: Fixed mass test

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Fixed Mass Test

  • Inconsistent data at same mass after heavy mass loaded
  • Inaccurate response to change in mass
  • Increasing baseline value

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Figure 1: Fixed mass test

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SVC Phantom Test

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  • Inconsistent data at same water pressure after high pressure applied

Figure 1: Pressure ring top view

Figure 2: Pressure ring side view

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Discussions

  1. Alternative flex sensor placement to minimize hindrance to actuation and better represent actuation status of device
  2. Resolving inconsistent data obtained from barometric sensor
  3. Replacing relay with other power switching components
  4. Minimizing thermal effect on bend sensors from SMA heating

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Thank You!

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