Objectives
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Terms and People
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Terms and People (continued)
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Through victories in the courts and the success of sit-ins and other nonviolent protests, African Americans slowly began to win their battle for civil rights.
But it was the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 that signaled a dramatic change in race relations by outlawing discrimination based on race, religion, or national origin.
How did the civil rights movement gain ground in the 1960s?
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Student activists engaged in nonviolent civil disobedience to create change.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Students also organized freedom rides to protest segregation on the interstate transportation system.
The Supreme Court had already ruled that segregation on interstate buses and waiting rooms was illegal.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
In September 1962, Air Force veteran �James Meredith tried to enroll at the �all-white University of Mississippi.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Once again, President Kennedy intervened, assigning federal marshals to protect Meredith.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
In the spring of 1963, civil rights leaders focused their efforts on the South’s most segregated city—Birmingham, Alabama.
��
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Reaction to the Birmingham protests was overwhelming.
Calling it a “moral issue,” Kennedy proposed sweeping civil rights legislation.
Civil rights leaders held a March on Washington to pressure the government to pass the President’s bill.
Shocked Americans demanded that President Kennedy take action to end the violence.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
On August 28, 1963, hundreds of thousands of people from all around the country gathered in Washington, D.C., to demonstrate.
As millions more watched on television, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., stood before the Lincoln Memorial and delivered his unforgettable �“I Have a Dream” speech.�
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
In September 1963, less than three weeks after �the march, a bomb exploded in the church that headquartered the SCLC in Birmingham.
Four young African American girls were killed.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated.
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency.
Johnson continued to work for passage of Kennedy’s civil rights legislation.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Supporters put together enough votes to end the filibuster.
The legislation passed in the House of Representatives, but faced even more opposition in the Senate.
A group of Southern Senators blocked it for 80 days using a filibuster.
The measure finally passed in the Senate.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
In July, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 �was signed into law.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground
Section Review
Know It, Show It Quiz
QuickTake Quiz
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
Section 2
The Movement Gains Ground