Homework: Satellite Data for Air Quality Environmental Justice and Equity Applications

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This homework includes questions from all three parts of the training series. You might want to record your answers on a sheet of paper or word document before submitting them here. You will not be able to save your answers and return to complete this form at a later time.

To receive a certificate of completion, you must have attended all three parts and have completed this homework by Wednesday, September 20, 2023. Once you submit the homework, you will receive an email with a copy of your responses.

Once you click submit, you can click "View Score" to see how you did.

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Part 1: Use of Satellite Data in Environmental Justice Applications

Which statements correctly identify ways that satellite data can be used in environmental justice applications? (Choose all that apply) *

1 point

Characterize disproportionate environmental burdens and associated health risks

Identify and track air pollution from local polluting sources and emerging industries

Improve information in environmental justice mapping tools

Discover associations between environmental health risk factors and health outcomes

Required

Which statements correctly identify benefits of using satellite data to study issues of environmental justice generally? (Choose all that apply) *

1 point

Satellites can provide regional or global spatial coverage, including in areas where ground-based data are not available

Satellites can provide long-term data records to track changes in environmental justice issues over time

Satellites can gather demographic data on factors like race, ethnicity, and income

There are free data analysis tools and capacity-building trainings to help users work with satellite remote sensing data

Required

Which statements correctly identify limitations of using satellite data to study issues of environmental justice generally? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

No one has ever used satellite data for such an application before

Satellite data files can be large and can require specialized software to analyze

A satellite dataset might not have the spatial resolution, temporal frequency, and coverage needed to answer a particular question

Satellite data are only available after the satellite returns to Earth

Required

Briefly summarize (2-3 sentences) how satellite data were used in one of the applications discussed in Part 1 of the training. *

0 points

Why are satellite-derived NO2 data commonly used to assess urban air quality? (Choose all that apply)

1 point

NO2 is the most toxic air pollutant (by mass) which can be found in urban areas

NO2 can be retrieved using both multispectral and hyperspectral instruments, while other pollutants require one or the other

NO2 is often produced by urban sources (e.g., transportation, power generation, industrial activity)

NO2 tends to be concentrated in the lower atmosphere, so column NO2 usually correlates well with ground-level NO2

Required

Part 2: Satellite Remote Sensing of Air Quality for Environmental Justice Applications

Which statements correctly identify benefits of using satellite data to study air quality specifically? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

Satellites can make repeated air quality observations of the same locations over a long period of time

Satellites can measure air quality at any time of day or night

Satellites can observe air quality over a wide geographic area (e.g., a city or state)

Satellites can measure air quality directly at the ground level where people breathe

Required

Which statements correctly identify limitations of using satellite data to study air quality specifically? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

Satellite observations can be blocked by clouds and thick smoke

Satellites sense pollutants in the entire atmosphere, not just near the ground where people breathe

Most satellites only get one or two chances to observe a given location each day

Some key pollutant metrics, like PM2.5, are not directly observed, but can only be indirectly inferred from satellite data

Required

Which of these satellite instruments could provide you with information about the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

MODIS

VIIRS

OMI

TROPOMI

Required

Which are important considerations about aerosol optical depth (AOD) when using remote sensing data to assess air quality? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

AOD applies to the entire atmosphere, not just near the ground

Satellite AOD retrievals are currently only possible during daytime

AOD can only be measured by polar-orbiting satellites

Different retrieval algorithms can produce different estimates of AOD

Required

Which of these statements about the NASA Giovanni web tool are true? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

It can analyze Level 1, 2, 3, or 4 satellite data products

The analysis is done online so you don't have to download the data to your computer

You don't have to know a programming language (like Python) to use it

You can upload your own custom datasets for analysis

Required

Part 3: Interactive Exercises for using Satellite and Demographic Data

Which are examples of the intended uses of EJScreen? (Choose all that apply) *

1 point

Allocating federal funding for pollution remediation

Informing outreach and engagement practices

Developing retrospective reports of EPA work

Enhancing place-based activities

Required

True or False: EJScreen provides information related to environmental justice screening and mapping for areas outside the United States? *

1 point

True

False

Which air quality indicators are available by default in the EPA EJScreen tool? (Choose all that apply) *

1 point

Total PM2.5

Diesel PM2.5

Gasoline PM2.5

Ozone

Required

Which socioeconomic indicators are available by default in the EPA EJScreen tool? (Choose all that apply)
*

1 point

Individuals age 25 and over with less than a high school degree

Individuals whose household income is less than twice the poverty level

Individuals over age 64

Individuals who listed their racial status as a race other than white alone and/or list their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino

Required

In the Python exercise, why did we calculate population-weighted average exposures to NO2 for different subgroups? (Choose all that apply) *

1 point

A population-weighted average allows us to determine if a sub-group might be exposed to higher levels of NO2.

A population-weighted average accounts for how different population sub-groups respond when exposed to the same amount of NO2.

A population-weighted average (in contrast to an area-weighted average) gives a better estimate of the average concentration which a person might be exposed to.

A population-weighted average tells us what time of day different sub-groups were exposed to the highest concentrations of NO2.

Required

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