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Extra's Course Practice Test #2
Extra Class Written Examination - Element 4
To pass this exam you must correctly answer 37 of the 50 questions
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1. How is the compensation of an oscilloscope probe typically adjusted?
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A square wave is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the horizontal portions of the displayed wave are as nearly flat as possible
A DC voltage standard is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the displayed voltage is accurate
A high frequency sine wave is displayed and the probe is adjusted for maximum amplitude
A frequency standard is displayed and the probe is adjusted until the deflection time is accurate
2. In Figure E7-1, what is the purpose of R3?
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Fixed bias
Self bias
Emitter bypass
Output load resistor
3. Which of the following operating arrangements allows an FCC-licensed U.S. citizen to operate in many European countries, and alien amateurs from many European countries to operate in the U.S.?
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IARP agreement
All these choices are correct
CEPT agreement
ITU reciprocal license
4. Which of the following is a common use for a Smith chart?
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Determine the length and position of an impedance matching stub
Determine the impedance of a transmission line, given the physical dimensions
Determine the loss/100 feet of a transmission line, given the velocity factor and conductor materials
Determine the gain of an antenna given the physical and electrical parameters
5. How many different input levels can be encoded by an analog-to-digital converter with 8-bit resolution?
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256 divided by the gain of the input amplifier
8
8 multiplied by the gain of the input amplifier
256
6. What do Hepburn maps predict?
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Likelihood of rain scatter along cold or warm fronts
Locations of auroral reflecting zones
Probability of tropospheric propagation
Sporadic E propagation
7. During a VHF/UHF contest, in which band segment would you expect to find the highest level of SSB or CW activity?
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At the top of each band, usually in a segment reserved for contests
In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency
In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency
In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency
8. What is the primary effect of extremely short rise or fall time on a CW signal?
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Limits data speed
The generation of RF harmonics
The generation of key clicks
More difficult to copy
9. What is the typical output impedance of an op-amp?
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Very low
Very high
1000 ohms
100 ohms
10. What do the arcs on a Smith chart represent?
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Points with constant reactance
SWR
Points with constant resistance
Frequency
11. What system matches a higher-impedance transmission line to a lower-impedance antenna by connecting the line to the driven element in two places spaced a fraction of a wavelength each side of element center?
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The stub matching system
The delta matching system
The omega matching system
The gamma matching system
12. What could cause local AM broadcast band signals to combine to generate spurious signals in the MF or HF bands?
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Your station receiver IF amplifier stage is defective
You are receiving skywave signals from a distant station
Nearby corroded metal joints are mixing and re-radiating the broadcast signals
One or more of the broadcast stations is transmitting an over-modulated signal
13. Which of the following data are used by the APRS network to communicate station location?
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Radio direction finding spectrum analysis
Latitude and longitude
Time and frequency
Polar coordinates
14. Why are short connections used at microwave frequencies?
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To increase compensating capacitance
To increase neutralizing resistance
To reduce phase shift along the connection
To reduce noise figure
How should an antenna analyzer be connected when measuring antenna resonance and feed point impedance?
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Connect the analyzer via a high-impedance transformer to the antenna
Connect the antenna feed line directly to the analyzer's connector
Loosely couple the antenna and a dummy load to the analyzer
Loosely couple the analyzer near the antenna base
16. Which of the following signals might a receiver noise blanker be able to remove from desired signals?
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Signals that appear across a wide bandwidth
Signals that have a sharply peaked frequency distribution
Signals that appear at one IF but not another
Signals that are constant at all IF levels
17. What is the magnitude of the current at the input of a parallel RLC circuit at resonance?
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Maximum
Minimum
R/L
L/R
18. What is the significance of voltmeter sensitivity expressed in ohms per volt?
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When used as an ammeter, the full scale reading in amps divided by ohms per volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed
B When used as a galvanometer, the reading in volts multiplied by the ohms per volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test
C When used as an ohmmeter, the reading in ohms divided by the ohms per volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit
D The full scale reading of the voltmeter multiplied by its ohms per volt rating will indicate the input impedance of the voltmeter
19. How does the maximum range of ground-wave propagation change when the signal frequency is increased?
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It increases
It peaks at roughly 14 MHz
It decreases
It stays the same
20. How much does the gain of an ideal parabolic dish antenna change when the operating frequency is doubled?
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6 dB
3 dB
2 dB
4 dB
21. What technique minimizes the bandwidth of a PSK31 signal?
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Use of sinusoidal data pulses
Reed-Solomon character encoding
Zero-sum character encoding
Use of trapezoidal data pulses
22. What is an isotropic antenna?
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A grounded antenna used to measure Earth conductivity
A spacecraft antenna used to direct signals toward Earth
A theoretical, omnidirectional antenna used as a reference for antenna gain
A horizontally polarized antenna used to compare Yagi antennas
23. What is the gain-bandwidth of an operational amplifier?
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The frequency at which the amplifier's offset voltage is zero
The frequency at which the open-loop gain of the amplifier equals one
The maximum frequency for a filter circuit using that type of amplifier
The gain of the amplifier at a filter's cutoff frequency
24. What is the name of the matching system that uses a section of transmission line connected in parallel with the feed line at or near the feed point?
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The delta match
The omega match
The stub match
The gamma match
25. Which HF amateur bands have frequencies authorized for space stations?
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All HF bands
Only the 40, 30, 20, 15, 12, and 10 meter bands
Only the 40, 20, 17, 15, and 10 meter bands
Only the 40, 20, 17, 15, 12, and 10 meter bands
26. What is one reason for using powdered-iron cores rather than ferrite cores in an inductor?
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Powdered-iron cores generally maintain their characteristics at higher currents
Powdered-iron cores generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance
Powdered-iron cores use smaller diameter wire for the same inductance
Powdered-iron cores generally have greater initial permeability
27. What is susceptance?
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A measure of the efficiency of a transformer
The ratio of magnetic field to electric field
The imaginary part of admittance
The magnetic impedance of a circuit
28. How can intermodulation interference between two repeaters occur?
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When the signals from the transmitters are reflected out of phase from airplanes passing overhead
When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals mix in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters
When the signals from the transmitters are reflected in phase from airplanes passing overhead
When the repeaters are in close proximity and the signals cause feedback in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters
29. What is a disadvantage of decreasing the number of wire segments in an antenna model below 10 segments per half-wavelength?
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The antenna will become mechanically unstable
The resulting design will favor radiation of harmonic energy
Ground conductivity will not be accurately modeled
The computed feed point impedance may be incorrect
30. Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop?
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Wide-band AF and RF power amplification
Frequency synthesis, FM demodulation
Comparison of two digital input signals, digital pulse counter
Photovoltaic conversion, optical coupling
31. What is used to control the attenuation of RF signals by a PIN diode?
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A sub-harmonic pump signal
Reverse voltage larger than the RF signal
Capacitance of an RF coupling capacitor
Forward DC bias current
32. What is the primary purpose of phasing lines when used with an antenna having multiple driven elements?
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It creates a low-angle radiation pattern
It ensures that each driven element operates in concert with the others to create the desired antenna pattern
It allows single-band antennas to operate on other bands
It prevents reflected power from traveling back down the feed line and causing harmonic radiation from the transmitter
33. What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches a mixer circuit?
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Spurious mixer products are generated
A beat frequency is generated
Mixer blanking occurs
Automatic limiting occurs
34. How can the output voltage of a multiple-turn receiving loop antenna be increased?
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By increasing the number of turns and/or the area
By utilizing high impedance wire for the coupling loop
By reducing the permeability of the loop shield
By winding adjacent turns in opposing directions
35. How is an interlaced scanning pattern generated in a fast-scan (NTSC) television system?
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By scanning two fields simultaneously
By scanning odd numbered lines in one field and even numbered lines in the next
By scanning lines from left to right in one field and right to left in the next
By scanning each field from bottom to top
36. How does a diode envelope detector function?
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By mixing signals with noise in the transition region of the diode
By breakdown of the Zener voltage
By sensing the change of reactance in the diode with respect to frequency
By rectification and filtering of RF signals
37. What is the approximate physical length of a solid polyethylene dielectric coaxial transmission line that is electrically 1/4 wavelength long at 14.1 MHz?
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4.3 meters
3.5 meters
5.3 meters
10.6 meters
38. Which of the following must be done to ensure that a crystal oscillator provides the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer?
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Provide the crystal with a specified parallel capacitance
Bias the crystal at a specified voltage
Bias the crystal at a specified current
Provide the crystal with a specified parallel inductance
39. Which of the following is an advantage of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter vs an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) digital filter?
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FIR filters can delay all frequency components of the signal by the same amount
All these choices are correct
FIR filters can respond faster to impulses
FIR filters are easier to implement for a given set of passband rolloff requirements
40. What is considered an acceptable maximum IMD level for an idling PSK signal?
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+10 dB
-20 dB
-30 dB
+15 dB
41. How does the spread spectrum technique of frequency hopping work?
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If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to wait until the frequency is clear
A binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a pseudorandom sequence
The frequency of the transmitted signal is changed very rapidly according to a pseudorandom sequence also used by the receiving station
If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies
42. Which type of atmospheric structure can create a path for microwave propagation?
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Wind shear
The jet stream
Dust devil
Temperature inversion
43. When may an amateur station send a message to a business?
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When neither the amateur nor his or her employer has a pecuniary interest in the communications
When the total money involved does not exceed $25
When the control operator is employed by the FCC or another government agency
When transmitting international third-party communications
44. Which of the following is a circuit that continuously alternates between two states without an external clock?
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Monostable multivibrator
Astable multivibrator
J-K flip-flop
T flip-flop
45. Which of the following is a Schottky barrier diode?
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Metal-semiconductor junction
PIN junction
Electrolytic rectifier
Thermionic emission diode
46. What do the letters in a satellite's mode designator specify?
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The uplink and downlink frequency ranges
The location of the ground control station
The polarization of uplink and downlink signals
Power limits for uplink and downlink transmissions
47. Which of the following types of amateur station communications are prohibited?
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Communications in a language other than English
Communications that have political content, except as allowed by the Fairness Doctrine
Communications transmitted for hire or material compensation, except as otherwise provided in the rules
Communications that have religious content
48. What happens to the radiation pattern of an unterminated long wire antenna as the wire length is increased?
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The front-to-back ratio decreases
The lobes align more in the direction of the wire
The vertical angle increases
The lobes become more perpendicular to the wire
49. Which of the following semiconductor materials contains excess free electrons?
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Bipolar
P-type
Insulated gate
N-type
50. With your transceiver displaying the carrier frequency of phone signals, you hear a DX station calling CQ on 3.601 MHz LSB. Is it legal to return the call using lower sideband on the same frequency?
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Yes, because the DX station initiated the contact
No, the sideband will extend beyond the edge of the phone band segment
No, U.S. stations are not permitted to use phone emissions below 3.610 MHz
Yes, because the displayed frequency is within the 75 meter phone band segment
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