3.1 General properties of waves EXT

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3.1a The big picture

1) When you shine a torch at a mirror, the light ………………… from the mirror’s surface.

1 point

2) When a guitar is played the ………………… vibrate and produce sound.

1 point

3) Identify the property of the air that changes to create different sounds inside a wind instrument.

1 point

Mass

Momentum

Pressure

Temperature

Clear selection

3.1b Wave motion

1) Identify the statement that best describes what a wave does.

1 point

Waves do not transfer energy or matter from place to place

Waves transfer energy without transferring matter

Waves transfer matter without transferring energy

Waves transfer both energy and matter from place to place

Clear selection

2) State the cause of a continuous wave.

1 point

Electric current

A force

Light

An object vibrating

Clear selection

3) What is a wavefront?

1 point

The direction a wave is travelling

The height of a wave

The parts on a wave where the particles are doing the same thing

The speed of a wave

Clear selection

3.1c Making waves 1

1) i) To calculate the speed of a water wave both the ………………… it travels and …

1 point

1) ii) … the ………………… it takes need to be measured.

1 point

2) A student measures the speed and distance a wave travels in different depths of water. State which conclusion can be made from the data. Their results are shown in the table:

1 point

The speed of the wave decreases as the depth of the water increases

The speed of the wave is directly proportional to the water depth

The speed of the wave increases as the depth of the water increases

The speed of the wave is inversely proportional to the water depth

Clear selection

3) True or false? A floating object oscillates parallel to water waves which pass beneath it?

1 point

3.1d Making waves 2

1) Identify which of the following correctly describes the waves travelling along a rope.

1 point

The oscillations in the rope are in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the wave

The oscillations in the rope are at right angles to the direction of the wave

The oscillations in the rope are in the opposite direction as the direction of propagation of the wave

The oscillations in the rope are random and unrelated to the direction as the direction of propagation of the wave

Clear selection

2) A transverse wave travels along a rope of length 1.5m. The end is tied to a wall. It takes the wave 0.50s to reach the wall. What is the wave speed in m/s?

1 point

3) A rope is attached to a wall. A student uses a motor and lever to move the other end of the rope up and down at a controlled number of ‘shakes’ per second. They measure the wavelength of the waves produced as shown in the table. What can the student conclude about the relationship between the wavelength and vibrations per second?

1 point

The wavelength is not related to the number of vibrations per second.

The wavelength is 60 times the number of vibrations per second.

The wavelength is directly proportional to the number of vibrations per second.

The wavelength is inversely proportional to the number of vibrations per second.

Clear selection

3.1e Making waves 3

1) A compression travels along a spring which is stretched to a length of 5.0 m. The compression takes 4.0 s to return to its starting point.

Work out the wave speed in the spring in m/s.

1 point

2) Identify the control variable when investigating the relationship between the speed of a wave in a spring and the number of vibrations per second.

1 point

The length of the spring

The number of vibrations per second

The speed of the wave

The time it takes for the wave to travel the length of the spring

Clear selection

3) A student investigates whether the length of a stretched spring affects the speed of a wave travelling through it. What can the student conclude about the relationship between the wave speed and the length of the spring?

1 point

The wave speed is unaffected by the change in length of the spring

The wave speed decreases as the spring is stretched

The wave speed increases as the spring is stretched

Wave speed is inversely proportional to the length of the spring

Clear selection

3.1f Wave properties and measurements

1) Identify the statement that describes the wavelength of a wave.

1 point

The distance between one peak and the next

The distance the wave travels each second

The number of complete waves which pass a point per second

The height of the peak of a wave starting from the centre of it

Clear selection

2) Identify what happens if the amplitude of a wave is increased.

1 point

The frequency of the wave increases

The wave carries less energy per second

The wave transfers more energy per second

The wave travels faster

Clear selection

3) Work out the speed of a water wave which has a wavelength of 1.5m and a frequency of 5.0Hz.

1 point

0.30m/s

3.5 m/s

6.5m/s

7.5m/s

Clear selection

3.1g Transverse and longitudinal waves

1) What is a longitudinal wave?

1 point

A wave in which there are no particles which oscillate

A wave with a very low frequency

A wave in which the particles oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the direction the wave travels

A wave in which the particles oscillate parallel to the direction the wave travels

Clear selection

2) Light is a transverse wave which travels at a speed of 3.0×10⁸m/s through air.

What is the wavelength of a light wave which has a frequency of 4.5×10¹⁴Hz?

1 point

6.7×10⁻¹¹m

6.7×10⁻⁷m

1.5×10³m

1.5×10⁶m

Clear selection

3) i) When an earthquake occurs, the energy is transmitted by P-waves, which are ………………… waves and …

1 point

3) ii) … S-waves, which are ………………… waves.

1 point

3.1h Reflection and refraction of waves

1) A water wave moves towards a flat surface as shown in the diagram. Which of the following is not true about the reflected wave?

1 point

The amplitude of the wave increases

It has the same frequency as the incident wave

It has the same wavelength as the incident wave

It leaves the surface at the same angle as the incident wave measured from the normal

Clear selection

2) True or false? When a wave is refracted, its speed always changes.

1 point

3) A water wave with wavelength 3.0cm is reflected by an obstacle. Work out the wavelength of the reflected wave.

1 point

It is not possible to say.

Less than 3.0 cm

3.0 cm

Greater than 3.0 cm

Clear selection

3.1i Investigating reflection of water waves

1) Which of the following properties change during reflection of a water wave?

1 point

The direction of travel of the wave

The frequency of the wave

The speed of the wave

The wavelength of the wave

Clear selection

2) A student measures the angles of incidence and reflection for water waves as shown in the table:

1 point

Clear selection

3) What is the name of the line at right angles to the surface at a point of reflection? The line is used to measure angles.

1 point

3.1j Investigating refraction of water waves

1) Which process causes the speed of water waves to change when the depth of the water changes?

1 point

2) True or false? The angle of incidence should always equal the angle of refraction.

1 point

3) Which of the following properties does not change during refraction of a water wave?

1 point

The direction of travel of the wave

The frequency of the wave

The speed of the wave

The wavelength of the wave

Clear selection

3.1k Diffraction of waves

1) Identify which statement is a description of wave diffraction.

1 point

The change in direction of a wavefront caused by a change in speed

The speeding up or slowing of a wave as it moves from one material to another

The spreading of a wave as it passes an edge or moves through a gap

The reflection of a wavefront from a flat surface

Clear selection

2) A boy standing near a corner hears his friend approaching from around the corner but cannot see her.

Which of the following explain why this happens?

1 point

Light is diffracted around the corner, but sound is not

Sound is diffracted around the corner, but light is not

Sound is being reflected around the corner, but light is not

Sound is being refracted around the corner, but light is not

Clear selection

3) i) When a wave passes through a gap it is ………………… , which means that it spreads in different directions.

1 point

3) ii) The effect is greatest when the ………………… of the wave and the width of the gap are similar.

1 point

3.1l Investigating diffraction of water waves

1) In an experiment to observe diffraction, waves of different wavelengths were passed though different sized gaps.

Which row of the table shows the combination which will give the most noticeable diffraction of the wave?

1 point

Clear selection

2) True or false? Diffraction can be observed when a wave passes through a gap or a sharp edge.

1 point

3) A student produces a series of water waves with short wavelength. These waves are diffracted slightly by a sharp edge in the ripple tank.

The student then decreases the frequency of the wave source without adjusting anything else.

Will the amount of diffraction increase, decrease or stay the same?

1 point

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