USA
Dear Winegrower,

We would like to invite you to participate in a brief survey that aims to explore the current and future state of the wine sector in a changing environment. This survey is part of a larger project involving winegrowers from 22 wine producing countries, funded by the European Union (project LIFE-ADVICLIM, www.adviclim.eu).

Your participation in this survey is completely voluntary. If you choose to participate, the survey will take approximately 15 minutes of your time to complete.

The questionnaire is anonymous, and you will not be identified as a participant. All results will be presented in aggregate form only.

We greatly appreciate your participation.
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In which state(s) are your vineyards located?
What is your postal code?
What is your age group in years?
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What is your grape growing and wine making experience in years?
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What is the total area of your vineyard in hectares (ha)?
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What percentage of wine do you produce within a Geographic Indication scheme? (an American Viticultural Area)
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What proportion of the following different wine styles do you produce?
0 %
1 - 9 %
10 - 19 %
20 - 49 %
50+ %
White wine
Red wine
Rosé wine
Sparkling wine
Fortified wine
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In your opinion, what is the main challenge facing the US wine production industry today?
What are the main climate risks determining wine production in your region?
When establishing a vineyard plot, which do you consider to be the most important decision-making practices you need to take in order to manage your climatic conditions? Please RANK the following practices according to their importance (1=Most to 5=Least).
Most Important 1
2
3
4
Least Important 5
Site selection
Varietal selection
Clonal selection
Rootstock choice
Planting density
Row orientation
Trellising system
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Which do you consider to be the most important operations when managing seasonal variations in climatic conditions? Please RANK the following practices according to their importance (1=Most to 5=Least).
Most Important 1
2
3
4
Least Important 5
Winter pruning
Soil tillage
Leaf removal
Cover crop management
Foliar fertilization
Shoot trimming
Pest and disease control
Cluster thinning
If permitted, water irrigation
Harvest date
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Have you noticed any changes in climatic conditions in your region over the last two or more decades?
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Please indicate if the following climate-related variables have increased, stayed the same or decreased over the course of your farming career.
Increased
Stayed the same
Decreased
Winter temperatures
Summer temperatures
Frost events
Hailstorms
Droughts
Winter rainfall
Summer rainfall
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Did these changes in climatic conditions affect the following grapevine phenomena, and, if so, how?
No
Yes, phenology is later
Yes, phenology is earlier
Phenology
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No
Yes, yield is lower
Yes, yield is higher
Yield
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No
Yes, sugar levels are lower
Yes, sugar levels are higher
Maturity
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No
Yes, diseases are fewer
Yes, diseases are more
Diseases
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Have these modifications in grapevine behavior been DETRIMENTAL or BENEFICIAL to the overall quality and style of your wine?
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In which types of vineyard sites does climate change manifest itself more intensely? (Multiple answers are possible)
Which berry compounds have been most influenced by climate changes? (Multiple answers are possible)
Did these climate-related modifications in berry quality affect consumers’ perceptions of your wine quality?
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Future climate changes are expected to lead to increasing temperatures and to shifting rainfall patterns and more frequent extreme weather events. How likely do you think it is that your regional climate will continue to change?
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Where would you prioritise changes in viticultural practices and techniques to adapt to climate change? Please rank the following activities in order of priority (1=Highest to 5=Lowest).
High priority 1
2
3
4
Low priority 5
Disease management
Grapevine variety selection
Clonal selection of same variety
Harvest management
Planting densities
Soil management
Row orientations
Pruning management
Rootstock varieties
Vigour management
Planting sites
Irrigation systems
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What is the likelihood that you would use the following vineyard management strategies to adapt to climate change? (1= Very Likely to 5=Very unlikely).
Very Likely 1
2
3
4
Very unlikely 5
Higher leaf area to crop weight ratios
Lower leaf area to crop weight ratios
Growing more cover crops
Reducing cover crops
More intensive soil tillage
Clear selection
What is the likelihood that you would use the following harvest management strategies to adapt to climate change? (1= Very Likely to 5=Very unlikely).
Very Likely 1
2
3
4
Very unlikely 5
Advancing harvest dates
Delaying harvest dates
Harvest by night
Use of more cold storage facilities
Clear selection
What is the likelihood that you would use the following varietal management strategies to adapt to climate change? (1= Very Likely to 5=Very unlikely).
Very Likely 1
2
3
4
Very unlikely 5
New clones of same variety
More heat tolerant grapevine varieties
More disease resistant varieties
More drought tolerant rootstocks
Clear selection
Do you have any further comments on adapting viticulture to climate change?
Thank you for answering our questionnaire
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